United States v. Saenz’s Empirical Analysis
134 F.3d 697 · 1998
Citation profile
26 federal appellate · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 53 later decisions — most recently May 2022 · most notably United States v. Munoz (1998), United States v. Escalante-Reyes (2012)
26 federal appellate · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on United States v. Olano · United States v. Atkinson · Osborne v. Brown · United States v. Virginia · United States v. Calverley
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 53 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]o rise to the level of a constitutional error, the district judge's actions, viewed as a whole, must amount to an intervention that could have led the jury to a predisposition of guilt by improperly confusing the functions of judge and prosecutor.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[a] judge's questions must be for the purpose of aiding the jury in understanding the testimony.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“determine whether the judge's behavior was so prejudicial that it denied the defendant a fair, as opposed to a perfect, trial.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.