134 N.C. App. 502 - Leftwich v. Gaines’s Empirical Analysis
1999
Citation profile
24 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 45 later decisions — most recently August 2025 · most notably 157 N.C. App. 577 - Piedmont Institute of Pain Management v. Staton Foundation (2003), 168 N.C. App. 452 - Smith v. Jackson County Board of Education (2005)
24 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Ragsdale v. Kennedy · Marshall v. Miller · Johnson v. Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance · Worthington v. Bynum · Myers & Chapman v. Thomas G. Evans
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 45 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he public duty doctrine is not incompatible with negligent supervision. The public duty doctrine was adopted in Braswell.... Our Supreme Court held that the trial court properly directed a verdict in favor of the defendant on the issue of negligent failure to protect because the public duty doctrine prevented a lawsuit against the sheriff. The Court also found that the trial court properly directed a verdict for the defendant as to negligent supervision and retention; however, the Braswell Court did not apply the public duty doctrine to the claim of negligent retention and supervision, even though the doctrine had been asserted as a defense and even though the Court had relied on the doctrine elsewhere in its opinion.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“a statement purporting to be opinion may be the basis for fraud if, at the time it is made, the maker of the statement holds an opinion contrary to the opinion he or she expresses, and the maker also intends to deceive the listener.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Shamoon v. Turkow“As a general rule, a mere promissory representation will not be sufficient to support an action for fraud.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Shamoon v. Turkow
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.