State v. Valentine’s Empirical Analysis
1994
Citation profile
74 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 74 later decisions — most recently February 2016 · most notably State v. Tucker (1994), State v. Arthur (1997)
74 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Brinegar v. United States · United States v. Cortez · Adams v. Williams · Sibron v. State of New York Peters
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 74 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he officer need not be absolutely certain that the individual is armed; the issue is whether a reasonably prudent man in the circumstances would be warranted in the belief that his safety or that of others was in danger. And in determining whether the officer acted reasonably in such circumstances, due weight must be given, not to his inchoate and unparticularized suspicion or “hunch,” but to the specific reasonable inferences which he is entitled to draw from the facts in light of his experience. [Id. at 27, 88 S.Ct at 1888 , 20 L.Ed.2d at 909 (citations and footnote omitted).]”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[i]n many instances, a reasonable inference may be drawn that a suspect is armed and dangerous from the fact that he or she is known to have been armed and dangerous on previous occasions.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. State v. Dumas · Com. v. Smith“an officer's knowledge of a suspect's prior criminal activity in combination with other factors may lead to a reasonable suspicion that suspect is armed and dangerous.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.