State v. Vawter’s Empirical Analysis
1994
Citation profile
22 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 22 later decisions — most recently March 2015
22 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 871 (Presidential Threat Protection Act of 2000) · 28 U.S.C. § 534 (National Law) · 2 U.S.C. § 441B (§ 316 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971)
Relies on Broadrick v. Oklahoma · United States v. O'Brien · Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District · Roth v. United States · Ward v. Rock Against Racism
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 22 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“put another in fear of bodily violence by placing on public or private property a symbol, an object, a characterization, an appellation or graffiti that exposes another to threats of violence, contempt or hatred on the basis of race, color, creed or religion, including, but not limited to[,] a burning cross or Nazi swastika.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Inasmuch as the language of the [challenged sections of the statute] limits their scope to the disfavored topics of race, color, creed, and religion, the statutes offend the First Amendment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent“it has proscribed fighting words of whatever manner that communicate messages of racial, gender or religious intolerance.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.