majority">Richmond, C.

June 17, 188é, O. H. Rothacker made his promissory note, payable four, months after date, to the order of W. A. Hamill, for the sum of $911.76, with interest at ten per cent, per annum. This note Hamill indorsed to the Rounds-Type & Press Company.

December 19,1881, appellee herein, and plaintiff below, Samuel D. Ward, as assignee of the Rounds Type & Press Company, brought suit in the superior court of the city of Denver against Rothacker and Hamill, alleging that they were joint makers of the note.

To this complaint Hamill interposed a demurrer. The grounds of the demurrer do not appear in the abstract or transcript of record; but in the brief of appellee we are informed that the grounds of demurrer were “that it did not appear by the complaint that defendant Hamill was liable as joint maker.” The demurrer was sustained. Thereupon, upon motion of plaintiff, it was ordered by the court that the cause be dismissed as to defendant Hamill, at the cost of plaintiff; said dismissal to be without prejudice as to the rights of plaintiff against said defendant Hamill.

Default was taken against Rothacker, and judgment *278entered for the fall amount of the note, with interest. Execution was issued, and $500 obtained.

April 7, 1885, plaintiff instituted this action against Hamill to recover the balance due on the note, alleging the proceedings above recited, the insolvency of Rothacker, and that there now remained due and unpaid the sum of $542.40.

The answer of defendant sets up previous suit, alleging that plaintiff had elected to proceed against Hamill and Rothacker as joint makers; that he obtained judgment against Rothacker as a joint maker; and therefore is barred from proceeding against the defendant Hamill in this action as indorser.

To this answer plaintiff replies, admitting that the original complaint charged Rothacker and Hamill as joint makers; but says that it is not true that in subsequent proceedings Rothacker and Hamill were charged as joint makei'S, or that judgment was taken against Rothacker as joint maker.

Trial by the court, and judgment for plaintiff in the sum of $568, to which defendant duly excepted, and prosecutes this appeal.

Neither the transcript nor the abstract contains the record evidence introduced in the trial court; therefore objections relating thereto will not be considered. In the abstract of the bill of exceptions it is recited that plaintiff offered in evidence the execution and return in the case of Samuel D. Ward, assignee, v. O. H. Rothacker (No. 963), which shows that a levy had been made, and that execution was returned satisfied to the extent of $447.60 and costs, and unsatisfied as to $540.40; that plaintiff offered record of judgment and the papers and proceedings in case No. 963. It is further recited that of the amended complaint in No. 962 a few paragraphs are the only ones material to the consideration of this case, and are those upon which the defense and appeal are based. By this amended complaint (if it be a part of the *279record in 963 instead of 962) it appears that defendants were proceeded against as joint makers, yet it also appears in the record that the demurrer was interposed to the complaint, and that plaintiff obtained leave to further amend complaint, and thereafter the order of dismissal, without prejudice, was entered. The contention of appellant is that plaintiff cannot have judgment against Rothacker as a joint maker with Hamill, and follow with a suit against Hamill as indorser. It is undoubt.edly true that at common-law a judgment against one of two joint promisors is a bar to an action against both jointly, and is also a bar to an action against the other. ‘ ‘ Parties cannot be sued separately, for they have incurred no separate obligation. They cannot be sued jointly, because judgment has already been recovered against one who wouldj be subjected to two suits for the same cause.” “ But, where the liability is joint and several, a judgment against one does not preclude procedure' against the other or others.” 2 Daniel, Reg. Inst. § 1296.

By statute, however, in this state, joint instruments, including promissory notes, are declared to be several also (Civil Code, § 13; Gen. St. § 1831); and, under said section 13, the separate obligation of the indorser or surety is made so far joint as to-permit the adjudication of their respective liabilities in the same action. Bliss, Code PI. (2d ed.) § 93 el seq.; Pom. Rem. § 191 el seq. But this is optional with plaintiff, and, upon the dismissal of the former suit as to Hamill without prejudice, his liability in the present action remained unaffected.

But it may be claimed that section 107 of the General Statutes is (notwithstanding the code provision above mentioned) still in force in this as well as in other particulars. Upon this question we need not pass, for the reason that it is unimportant. If we assume that said section 107 is in force and applicable to the present case, there has been such a compliance with every material requirement thereof as perfects the liability of Hamill. *280He was the assignor of the promissory note, and since plaintiff exercised due diligence in prosecuting his action against the maker, and endeavoring by execution to thus make his debt, his right to proceed in this suit against Hamill for the uncollected balance cannot be questioned.

The judgment is affirmed.

Reed and Pattison, CO., concur.

Per Curiam.

For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion the judgment is affirmed.

Affirmed.

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