IN BE MEAD.
281
who were authorized by them to withdraw the goods and pay the duties which were required to be paid upon withdrawal, were acting in their behalf in the whole transaction. The case is quite similar to Greenleaf v. Schell, 6 BIatchf. 22'7, where the verdict, the reference to ascertain the amount due, and the question raised before the refere& were substantially the same as here. \ The exceptions are overruled;
In re MEAD. Bankrupt. (Di8trict Court, S. D. New York.
November 21, 1882.)
1.
BANKRUPTCy-ExPuNGEMENT OF DISPROVED OLAlM.
Where, upon a long re-examination of a creditor's proof of debt, the claim, as made, is disproved in form and substance, it should be expunged. 2. SAME-JOINT TRANSACTIONS-FILING NEW PROOFS. Where a large claim was proved upon six notes, alleged to have been given for loans of money and accumulated interest thereon, and on re-examination it appeared that none of the notes were given on a loan at interest, but that all the advances of money were made for the purposes of continuous speculation in city lots through many years upon joint account between the creditor and the bankrupt, and under his management; that large losses had eventuallv arisen, apparently sufficient to cover all the creditor's claims, and that no final account as to the result of all the joint transactioM had ever been had: held, that the notes were not intended as unconditional promises of payment, but were subject to the final result of the joint transactions, and that the proof of them as absolute debts on loans at interest should be expunged, with liberty to the creditor to file new proof on the result of the joint transactions, if anything should be claimed to be due thereon, on payment.of costs, and on filing a stat&ment in detail of the account on which the claim should be made.
Nelson Smith and G. A. Hart. for contestants. Edward G. Black, for claimant. BROWN, D. J. The contesting creditor in this proceeding seeks to expunge a proof of debt made by the claimant James C. Mead, a cousin of the bankrupt, upon five promissory notes of the latter, dated in 1873, 1874, and 1875, to the amount of $34,350. The adjudication of bankruptcy was made on June 29, 1878, in inVOluntary proceedings, upon the petition of six creditors, including the claimant, at the instance and request of the bankrupt or his attorneys. The regular business of the bankrupt was that of a plumber, but he had been largely engaged in speculation in city lots during 15 or 20 years prior to the adjudication; and in the year 1875, or prior thereto, he had become insolvent through the great depreciation in the value of
288
FEDERAL REPORTER.
real estate during the few )"ears previous. The claimant, in his odginal proof of debt, states that the notes were given for money "loaned and advanced by him to the bankrupt at or about the dates of the several notes," etc. By an additional affidavit which has been admitted as an amended statement of the consideration of the notes, they are alleged to have been given "for moneys loaned and advanced by the claimant to the bankrupt at or about the dates of said notes and of other notes surrendered, and the notes now proven or given, and interest on sums which had been loaned prior to the giving and receipt of said notes." Though the grammatical construction of the amended statement may be dubious, the meaning is plain that the sole foundation of the claim is a simple loan of moneys to the bankrupt at various times, with the accumulations of interest thereon; and the notes are presented as unconditional obligations of the bankrupt to pay the amounts stated in them, as they import upon their face. The examination of this claim, under section 5081 of the Revised Statutes, upon which a large mass of evidence has been taken, discloses transactions between the claimant and the bankrupt running back, perhaps, to 1860. But no books of account recording any of these transactions are produced, nor any vouchers in support of a single one of the alleged original loans. The claimant, moreover, was unable on his examination to specify the date or amount of anyone of all his alleged advances of money; but he estimated that the total amount advanced by him to the bankrupt was from $10,000 to $12,000, the rest of the claim being profits. These advances are repeatedly spoken of in the testimony as loans upon interest. But the examination shows by a great preponderance of testimony, both of the claimant and of the bankrupt, that all the moneys advanced by the claimant were advanced for the purposes of continuous speculations in city lots, on the joint account of the claimant and the bankrupt, and of others who might advance him money for the same purposes; the purchases and sales to be made by or under the management of the bankrupt, and the profits to be divided,pro rata, according to the money of each employed in the purchases. Up to about 1872 these speculations seem to have been larg9ly profitable. Many such purchases and sales on joint account were made and large profits thereon were reported by the bankrupt to the claimant. No accounting in detail was ever had between the parties as to any of the purchases and sales. The claimant took, without question, such statements of the results as the bankrupt from time to
289
time made to him. On January 1, 1875, the claimant's interest in the joint operations had amounted, according to an entry made by the bankrupt in his pocket diary of that date, "in an accounting with James C. Mead," to "$18,970 in cash due him, not invested, and $2],380 invested into lots." The claimant testified explicitly that none of the moneys advanced, time to time, were ever withdrawn by or of the profits thereon him; but that, as often as any lots were sold, both the principal invested in them and his share of the profits were left in the hands of the bankrupt for further similar speculative purchases, and that the bankrupt had full authority from him to employ all such moneys and profits in that way, and that this understanding between them · continued down to the last. From £ome portions of the testimony it would appear that notes were sometimes given on the original advance of the money; from otller portions that notes would be taken when profits were ascer· tained or declared upon some sale of lots, the former notes being surrendered and new ones substituted, including the profits. But from the explicit testimony of the claimant that it was the under· standing that all such advances and profits remained in the bankrupt's hands for further speculation on joint account down to the last, and from the fact that they were so used or held by the bank· rupt, it is manifest that 'such notes could not have been either given or received, or intended by either party, as unconditional obligations to pay the sums named in them. They were necessarily subject to the result of the speculations in which the parties were jointly en. gaged, and they were probably designed as no more than memoran· dums or vouchers of the estimated amount in round numbers (for they do not accord in dates or in amounts with any of the entries in the bankrupt's private dairy) of the contributions of the claimant, from time to time, to the joint operations in charge of the bankrupt. Upon notes given for such a purpose, or on such an understanding, the facts being proved or admitted, no judgment could be recovered while the joint transactions remained open and unsettled, as in this case. The 'basis of the claim, as stated both in the original and in the amended proof of debt, is therefore shown to be erroneous. The notes do not represent any loan of money upon interest; nor was there ever any unconditional obligation of the bankrupt to pay the amount of the notes, as they import on their face, or any part of v.14.no.5-19
FEDERAl,o Ip!lPO)\:TER.
with Hi 'stipulation for a share of might make by tbeqse of ,the moneys .have uStlrious. :antjt is very clear, upon aU tba . that theije w!'lre,notsuch loans at all. The moneys advanced remained in the bankrupt's hands, the proper moneys of the. for use IDspeculation OD, joint account; the claimaQt's &hare of tbe· profits, when oollected, were tbe claimant's proper. funds; and, bPtb weresubjElct to deduction for hjs share of any losses that might arise, and at: the.close of all the tran,sactions on; joint l1ocount, ,any moneys j.idhebankrupt's bands and any claim agll,inst him for previous receipt of such moneys, were subject to be Qffse:t by wbJl,teve:r, losses in any of tbe. joint transactions were justly apportionable to the claimant's share· .At the date of tho "accounting" above referred to, viz., January 1, .187;5, purchased about 1672, in which $21,380 of the ant's funds are said tobave,.been invested, were still unsold. They had greatly depreciated in value since the purchase, and, large loss uptm them beY9nd tlle money invested in the purchase, was then obvious. They were shortly afterwards,during the year 1875, disposed of, either at private sale or by foreclosure, and at such a 1088 upon the claimant's share therein as would appear, from the eviput. in :by the contestant, to Elxceed the amount of the notes proved and the entire oredit given to the claimant by the bankrupt in his entry of January 1, 1875..; , The claimant's share of thEl loss. in these lo.ts would be an offset even against .any claim upon the, bp;nkrupt on loans independent of the joint. transac·tion.s; and thiso1fset, as I have said, seems, from the evidenqe. to PEl. equal to the entire olaim presented, unless. the claimant's share in the 11 lotsrefElrred .to was subsequently materially diminished. It is contended by the claimant that it was eo diminished in January and February, 1875, to the ex.tent of $13,000, upon an agreement to that effect made in Jp;nuary and February, ,1875, at the tim.e when thElnotj:ls:of $6,000 and $8,000 were given, andtbat. these two notes were given, as absolute obligations. But I am not satisfied from the evidence that any such change in the reIa,tive, :opligations of thEl pq,rties, Qr any such in the claimant's s.bare of tl)e losses jqstly chargeable against him, is made out, .either in law o.r upon the fa,cts. , . Asaboye stated, in Ja,nuarya,udFebruary, 1875, when the agreement for. thepartiitl the claimap.t's interest in the lote is alleged to have been made, large losses beyond the)noney invested
them. 1M laapon, any profits. w4iQhthe
in: thil10ts thew held on' ,jointacconnt 'haa obvio_usly 'been incurred. The claimanChad then lio interest' in them, of any pecuniary valiIe, which he could conveyor transfer to the bankrupt, but orily, a' larg6' loss which he waslegally'botind to share-with him pro rata. Accordingly, no transfer or sale of his'interest to the bankrupt is spoken of in the testimony; bfit .only a withdrawal of so much from thelot8. But, in fact, the claimant then had no moneys in those lots'which could be withdrawn; all that had been invested in them on his a'ccount had been .plainly lost, and 'far more; and I -cannot doubt that' both parties knew thisfact.'Upon: the testimony, the noteof i $8,OOO appears to be nothing but a voluntary concession to the complaints,. without any legal demand upon the bankrupt foi' anY' valuable interest in the lots. Any new agreement, however, whereby: the bankrupt' if share of the losses already was' to be' rially increased, could only be Bustained upon some sufficient: legal consideration. ' ' ,, The only consideration alleged is in connection with the note of February, 187'5, and the alleged "withdrawal" of $5,000 at tliattime, viz., in the advance 0($1,000, by the claimant to the bankrupt, to him to reScind a coutract of sale of his house on Fifty-third street, and to pay back the cash received on the contract of sale; and the bankrupt testifies that the giving of the note of February, 1875; and the "withdrawal," were "on the same day" as the advance of the $1,000, "or on the next day." But the testimony subsequentlytakeIi' shows incontestably that thierepayment was in September, 1874, some four or five monthB before the time of the alleged: partial withdrawal ofthe c!aimant's interest in the lots, and before the w,ving of either of the two notes referred to; so that if the partial "withdrawal" of- the claimant1s intel'estwas in January and February, 1875, as alleged, it was without any proved legal consideration; nor can it be supposed ·that thebarnkrupt would: be willing to assume a; greatlyincr'eased, shine of 'the loss without any consideration whatever. But if he were willing; a mere promise to do so,and· a note given for rio other consideration, would not be legally binding. . On the other/hand, if the time of the "withdra:wal" be supposed to have been erroneously stated aBin January and February, 1875, in-' stead of September, 1814, then the evidencefal1a to connect the notes of January and 1875, with anysuoh withdrawalfour or five months:pteviol.ls; and the 'hankrupt'B entry on JailUary 1, 1875, of the reSult of "the accounting-iith James C'. Mead" date; must be heldto include and to allow for any such i
292
I'BDBBAL BBPOBTEB.
or change of interest made in the September previous; and the claimant's share of the losses would then remain undiminishtld, as shown by the contestant. Moreover, the testimony in relation to the alleged "withdrawal" refers only to an interest in the particular lots then unsold, and does not show any change whatever in the conditions or purposes for which the money deemed withdrawn from the lots was still left in charge of the bankrupt. The claimant sayse;Ipressly that the same arrangement continued down to the last; so that the notes of January and February, 1875, if given on the withdrawal, as claimed, would not differ in character from the previous ones, but would be legally subject to the result of the final accounting as to all the joint transactions. Holding upon the evidence, therefore, that none of the notes in question were given upon any loan of money on interest, or intended as f!,bsolute or unconditional promises to pay the amounts mentioned in them, but that they were at most merely vouchers for the estimated amount of the claimant's moneys in charge of the bankrupt for the purposes of speculation in lots on joint account, and therefore at all times subject to the final result of all the joint transactions; that this original understanding of the parties continued unchanged "down to thelast:" and that large losses ultimately arose in the joint transactions, a part ·of which is ohargeable against the claimant, and no final account in relation thereto having ever been had between the bankrupt and the olaimant,-I must hold that the proof of debt as filed is not made out, either in form or in substance, and that it must therefore be expunged. Whether anything is owing to the claimant. either upon the notes, or for his advances a.nd profits, depends wholly upon the result of the final purchases and sales on joint account; and this has never been ascertained, either by any attempted settlement between the parties, or by any accounting in court. The evidence given in this proceeding by the contestant in relation thereto was incidental only, and not upon a direct issue on that subject. Although the evidence, therefore, shows losses sufficient to cover all the claimant's demands, it should not, I think, be held to preclude further examination on that subject, if on a just aQcounting as to all the joint transactions, anything is claimed to be due. An order should, therefore, be entered expunging the proof of debt as made, but without prejudice to the claimant, or his representative, filing new pro,of of debt for any balance claimed upon joint
DUMONT 11. FRY.
293
in estate, or upon an account stated as the result of all their joint dealings; but such new proof should not be allowed except upon paymeBt by the claimant of the costs already incurred in this proceeding, nor except upon a statement in detail of the acof the joint transactions since the last actual settlement between the parties, upon which any balance ma.y cla.imed; and in any proceedings for the re-examination of such new proof of debt, if made, the testimony already taken, or any part thereof, may be used by either party.
DUMONT
and others
'V. FRY,
Trustee, etc., and others. November, 1882.)
(Oircuit Court,8. D. New York.
BANKRUPTCy-SURETY GUARANTYING ANY UNPAID BALANCE-APPROPRIATION OF DIVIDEND.
C. & Son hypothecated certain bonds to S. & Sons upon agreement that the bonds to the extent of $100,000 should be held by the latter as a continuing securrity for any ollerdraft or unpaid balance that might arise upon the account of the New Orleans National Banking Association with S. & Sons. The New Orleans National Banking Association and S. & Sons having gone into bankruptcy, the claim of 8. & Sons against said association, amounting to $195,315.13, was proved, and a dividend of 55 per cent. thereon paid to their trustee. Held, that the whole of this dividend should be applied to discharge the unsecured portion of the claim of S. & !:lons against the banking association, and not ratably upon that part secured by the collaterals as well as upon that part unsecured. 2. SAME-GUARANTY OF PART OF DEBT.
Where a surety guaranties a limited part of a debt and not the unpaid bal· ance of a debt, with a limitation as to the amount of the liability in case of insolvency, whatever is paid as a dividend arising from that part of the debt must be applied to discharge thA.t portion; but when the guaranty contemplates the protection of the creditor against any ultimate balance that may arise upon the dealings between the debtor and the creditor, this rule does not apply.
E. A. Hutchins, for complainants. Platt tt Bowers and Man tt Parsons, for defendants. WALLAOE, C. J. The question now raised upon the settlement of the decree was not suggested at the hearing of the cause or upon the briefs of counsel, doubtless upon the assumption that there would be no controversy in regard to it, the principal contention being disposed of. It was decided that the hypothecation of the collaterals made by Cavaroc & Son to Schuchardt & Sons was upon the agreement that the bonds, to the extent of $100,000, should be held by the latter as a continuing security for any overdraft or unpaid balance that might arise upon the account of the New Orleans National Banking A.ssocia.
