SAYER
V.
LA SALLE .. PERU GAS-LIGHT
& COO 00.
69
SAYER and others v. LA SALLE & PERU GAs-LIGIIT & COKE Co. and others. (Oircuit Oourt, No D. Illinois. 1.
March, 1880.\
REMOVAL OF CAUSE-CONTROVERSY BETWEEN PARTIES.
It is the duty of the court, on application for removal of the cause into the circuit court, to inquire into the interest the various parties have in the con, troversy, and to classify them on one side or the other in accordance with their interest; and if, when thus classified and arranged, it appears there is a eontroversy between citizens of different states, the cause is prop'erl1 removable.
2.
SAME-JURISDICTION, WHEN NOT TAKEN.
Where this court could not proceed with the cause without acting directly on the decree rendered in the state court, and the equity claimed by the bill could not be given to plaintiffs without interfering with that decree. this court will decline to take jurisdiction.
"
In Equity. G. S. Eldridge, for complainants. J. S. Cooper, for defendants. DRUMMOND, C. J. A bill was filed in the state conrt by the plaintiffs as bondholders of what may be termed the old La Salle & Pern Gas-light & Coke Company, under a mortgage given by that company to secure a loan of $40,000. B. F. Allen was the trustee under that mortgage. The interest on the bonds was paid for several years, when default was made in the payment of interest. Between the execution of the mortgage and default in the payment of interest there was a claim filed against the company for a mechanic's lien on ·the property covered by the mortgage. A decree was rendered in the same court in which this bill was filed, and the property was sold under that decree for a comparatively small sum; and the Peru & La Salle Gas-light Company, a new company, claims to be the owner under the sale made on the judgment in the mechanic's lien case. This bill alleges that that judgment was fraudulent, and asks that it be opened or set aside. It alleges further that although Allen, the trustee of the mortgage already referred to, was made a party, still, that he was a non-resident, and did not appear, and was brought in only by publication, and that he took no part and made no defense in the mechanic's-lien case. The bill further alleges that the new gas company has given a mortgage on the same property, and the main object of this bill is to enforce the prior mortgage on the property, and also a prior lien as claimed over the last mortgage, as well as the decree or judgment rendered in the mechanic's-lien case. The
70
FEDERAL
bill also alleges that some of the defendants are owners of bonds under the first mortgage. Application was made in the state court to remove this cause to the federal court, and it was accordingly removed. A motion is made now in this court to remand the canse for the reason that it was not properly removable under the statute. I think the motion must be sustained. Under a recent decision of the supreme '3ourt, (The Removal Cases, 10 U. S. 457,) it is made the duty of the court, in order to determine whether or not. under the act of 1875, the cause can be removed, to inquire into the interest which the various parties may have in the controversy, and to classify them on one side or the other, not merely as they happen to be plaintiffs or defendants, but in accordance with their interest; and if, when thus and arranged. it shall appear there is a controversy between citizens of the different states, then the cause is properly removable. Under this principle, I think, it may be said that there is not a controversy solely between citizens of different states. But, independent of that, it seems to me that it is hardly practicable to proceed with the litigation in tbiscase without the court acting directly upon the decree which was rendered in the state court in the mechanic's-lien case. The equity claimed by this bill could not be given to the plaintiffs without interferirig with that decree, which would be contrary to all recognized principle. So. on both grounds. and particularly the last ground named, it seems to me that this court ought not to take jurisdiction of the ca.se, and it will, therefore, be remanded to the state court.
HAYDEN 'V. SNOW
and others.
((Jircuit Oourt, N. D. Illinoi8. October, 1880.) 1. EQUITy-JURISDICTION.
When a court of equity has once obtained jurisdiction of the parties and subject-matter of a suit, it will retain it for the purpose of doing complete justice between the parties. 2. :MrsTAKE IN DEED OR MORTGAGE-INNOCENT PURCHASER.
The parties to a mortgage cannot set up a mistake therein against the innocent purchaser of the notes and holder of the nor can an agreement to assume a mortgage, by mistake iJ;lserted in a deed conveying land sub. ject to such mortgage, be released from or released by mortgagor after a transfer of the mortgaged notes, and a recovery against the grantor for any deficiency after foreclosure thus precluded.
·
v.
SNOW.
71
In Equity. R. B. Bacon, for complainant. Smith« Burgett, for William Drury. BLODGETT, D. J. The bill in this case was filecl to foreclose a mortgage dated July 28, 1875, given by Solomon Snow and wife to secure the payment of two notes, of even date with the mortgage, for $6,000 each, payable in two and three years, respectively, to the order of the maker, and by him indorsed to J. E. Lockwood; said mortgage being subject to a prior incumbrance by trust deed to E. C. Larned, as trustee, to secure the payment of $28,000. The bill Solomon Snow, after the making of the mortgage in alleged question, on the fourteenth day of December, 1875, sold and conveyed the mortgaged p·remises to William C. Snow, subject to the said two incumbrances, and that William C. Snow, on the twenty-eighth day of January, 1876, conveyed the premises to Isaac M. Daggett, subject to the same incumbrances, and that Daggett, on the twelfth day of April, 1876, conveyed the premises to the defendant William Drury, subject to the said two incumbrances; and by the deed from Daggett to Drury the latter agreed "to assume and pay the said incumbrances; I and that the said incumbrances formed a part of the consideration or the purchase price for the said premises, which agreement was in the following words: .. Subject to a certain trust deed, executed by Solomon Snow and Elizabeth L., his wife, to E. C. Larned, trustee, to secure the payment of $28,000, dated July 28, 1875, due in five years fl'om date, with interest at 10 per cent. per annum, payable semi-annually, and also SUbject to another trust deed, executed by Solomon Snow and wife to R. B. Bacon, to secure the payment of $12,000, dated July 28,1875, due two and three years from date, with inter-
est at 8 per cent. per annum, payable semi-annually, both of whlchsaid incumbrances the party of the second part herein agrees to assume and pay."
The bill further alleges a default in the payment of the interest due on the notes, which fell due April 28, 1877, which default, by the terms of said mortgage, allowed the holder of said notes to elect to declare the whole principal sum thereby secured, and the interest thereon, due and payable at once, and that such election has been made. The bill further charged that the said Joseph E. Lockwood, to whom Solomon Snow indorsed said notes, on the first of November, 1876, for a valuable consideration to him in hand paid, assigned and transferred said two notes to the complainant, who is now the legal owner and holder thereof.
72
In the original bill the complainant prayed for a foreclosure of the mortgage and sale of the mortgaged premises, and' in case the proceeds should not be sufficient to satisfy the amount due, then for a personal decree for the deficiency against the said defendant Drury. Drury answered, admitted the making of the notes and the mortgage, the conveyance of the mortgaged premises from the mortgagor to William C. Snow, and from Snow to Daggett, and from Daggett to himself, and that the deed from Daggett to himself contained the clause of assumption as set out in the bill, but denied that there was any agreement between himself and Daggett that he should assume and pay the said incumbrances; and that it was not the intention of the parties of the deed that he should assume said incumbrances, and that the clause in said dced expressing such agreement was inserted therein by the mistake of the scrivener who drew the same; and that he (Drury) accepted said deed without the knowledge that it contained said clause, and did not become aware of the fact that it did contain said clause until some time in July, 1877, when Daggett, for the purpose of correcting the mistakes of the scrivener, ana effectuating the intention of the parties to the deed, executed and delivered an instrument, under seal, releasing the defendant Drury from the obligations to pay the said incumbrances. On February 17, 18RO, complainant filed a supplemental bill, stating in substance that since the filing of the original bill a bill had been filed in this court against the said Drury and others by Robert E. Kelly, the holder of the indebtedness secured by first mortgage for $28,000, and that such proceedings had been had in said cause that on the twenty-seventh day of June, 1878, a decree of foreclosllre had been entered upon the said mortgage, and that upon the twentysixth day of July, 1878, the mortgaged premises were sold for the satisfaction thereof, and that no redemption had been had from said sale, and a deed had been made to the purchaser by the master in chancery on the thirtieth day of October, 1879, and prayed that the amount found due by the master in this cause be entered by this court against the defendant William Drury, in accordance with the assumption of the said indebtedness. . Drury's answer to the supplemental bill admits the exhaustion of the proceeds of the mortgaged premises by the foreclosure of the first mortgage, and refers to his answer to the original bill, which he prays may be taken as a part of his answer to the supplemental bill.
HAYDEN V. SNOW.
73
The proof in this cause is mainly applicable to the questions of the fact whether or not the defendant Drury, in the purchase of the equity of redemption of the mortgaged premises, agreed, as part of the transaction, to assume and pay these two mortgage debts, and whether or not tbe clause of assumption in the deed from Daggett to Drury truly expressed the contract between the parties as to the payment of the said indebtedness. From a careful consideration of the testimony I have come to the conclusion tho.t it was not the agreement or intention of Daggett anJ Drury that Drury should assume ,and agree to pay the indebtedness secured by these two mortgages, and the clause in .the deed to him, whereby he was made to assume and agree to pay them, was inserted without his knowledge, and by mistake of the attorney who prepared the deed. ' My reasons for this conclusion aroFirst. That the preponderance of evidence on the question is largely in VOl'
ta-
of the defendant. The testimony of Daggett, Whipple, and the defendant Drury on this point is so fn]] and circumstantial as to leave almost no room for doubt on the question. They all testify unequivocally that it was expressly ullderstoodthat Drury was not to assume the incumbrances, or either of them, and Drury said that he had no knowledge of the assumption clause in the deed to him until his attention was called to it by Mr. E. C. Larned, in April, 1877. Second. TherJ was no motive or inrlucemp,nt for Daggett to eXl1ct such terms from Drury, his grantee, as Daggett had not assumed or agreed to pay the indebtedness. There was, therefore, no reason why he should gratuitonsly interest himself in securing a contract from Drury for the benefit of the mortgagee. 'j'hird. The nature of the transaction weighs heavily against the probability that any sane business man would have assumed such a liaIJility.. The proor' shows that Drury exchanged a farm in Me!'cercounty. this state, for this and two other pieces of heavily-incumbered Chicago real estate; that the transaction took place in 1876, and that on the twenty-fifth of July, 1878, only a little over two years afterwards, the property in question was sold under the decree of foreclosure on the first mortgage for $28,000, and that no surplus was obtained by such sale to apply on this mortgage. This circumstance, in my mind, tenqs strongly to corroborate the testimony of Daggett, Whipple, and Drury that Drury orily intended to purchase the equity, out did not intend to assume the prior indebtedness. He might have been willing to give his farm for the chance that'all these three pieces of pl"Operty would realize something over and ahove incumbrances. but it is hardly to believe, in view of What TTlllsthave. been its then value, that he would have assumed 80 grave a responsibility as to make himself personally liable for this heavy prior indebtednesS. It is true tliat Mr. Hutchinson, who drew the deed from Daggett t() Drury, testifies that he must, from the course of business,have'llrawn -tha
74
FEDERaL REPORTER.
deed according to instructions, and would not have inserted this assumption clause unless directed to do so; but his directions may have come from some one who had 110 authority in the premises, or who was acting under a mistalm or misunderstanding as to the terms of the contract.
Two questions of law arise upon the facts in this case as I now find them: First. Can the complainant maintain this bill solely for the purpose of obtaining a personal decree aga.inst the defendant Drury, assuming that he did agree to pay the mortgage debt held by the complainant? Second. It appearing as an admitted fact in the case, as it is alleged in the bill and not denied in the answer, that the complainant purchased the notes secured by this mortgage in November, 1876, for value, before any default or maturity thereof, and after the defendant Drury had by the deed to him Which then appeared of record apparently assumed to pay this mortgage debt, can he 110W be heard to say, as against this complainant, that he did not assume such payment? In other words, must the court presume that the complainant purchased these notes upon the faith of Drury's assumption and agreement to pay the same?
As to the first question, it is an established rule that when a court of equity has once obtained jurisdiction of the parties and subjectmatter it will retain it for the purpose of doing complete justice between the parties. The bill in this cause was filed for a foreclosure of the mortgage in question. ',['he citizenship of the parties brought the subject-matter within the jurisdiction of the court. The relief prayed was such as the court was adequate to give. It could not only award a decree of foreclosure and sell the mortgaged property, but could, under the ninety-second rule in equity, award a personal judgment against who·ever was liable for any deficiency after the application of the proceeds of the sale, and it seems quite clear to me it does not lose that jurisdiction by the fact that the subject-matter of the mortgage has been sold by anotherrlecree to satisfy a prior incumbrance. The court can now, if it were deemed necessary, enter a decree of foreclosure, and direct a sale of the mortgaged premises, and, after a sale for a nominal amount, could give a personal judgment for the deficiency; but for my part I do not deem it necessary to go through an empty form of foreclosure and sale, to ascertain what the court knows judicially already, that the mortgaged property will furnish no fund to satisfy this mortgage debt. There is, however, anotner aspect of this cause upon which the jurisd:iction of the court to enter a decree on the merits of this cause may
'HAYDEN V.-SNOW.
15
The complaiUltnt seeks by his bill to make a remote grantee of the mortgagor personally liable for this indebtedness. In a number of eases like this, where the assumption and agreement to pay the mortgage debt was declared to be a part of the purchase money or consideration for the deed of the mortgaged premises, the courts have held the grantee in the deed liable, on the ground that he by his deed acknowledged himself to hold so much money for the use of ihe'mortgagee; and in those cases, it has been said, a suit at law could be maintained Ly the mortgagee against the grantee of the mortgagor. Burr v. Beers, 24 N. Y. 178; Thompson v. Thompson, 4 Ohio St. 333; Sanford Y. Hayes, 19 Conn. 594. But in this case there M no admission that the assumption of the mortgage debt is a part of the consideration. The recital in the deed to Drury is to the effect that he assumes and agrees to pay this incumbrance. He does not admit nor declare that a part of the purchase money is to be paid hy him (Drury) in payment of this mortgage indebtedness, as was the contract in many of the case3 I have cited, so that this case is brought by its facts more directly within the rule of the cases adjudicated in New Jel'sey and which hold that the liability of the grantee of the' mortgagor, who has assumed the mortgage debt, can be enforced in equity by an application of the principle of equitable subrogation. From these various considerations I have, therefore, no difficulty in reaching the conclusion that the court still has jurisdiction to pass upon the question of Drury's liability, a.nd to render a personal decree him, if justified by the law and facts. As to the second question, it appears from allegations in the bill, which are not denied by the answer, and are admitted, that the complainant purchased the notes secured by this mortgage for a valuable consideration, before due, in November, 1876, and after the deed from Daggett to Drury had been made; and by the well·settled law oUhis state, where this transaction took place, and all the parties resided, the assumption of this indebtedness by Drury inured to the benefit of the mortgagee, and could be enforced by him either at law or in equity. The mortgagor in this case was the holder of these notes; that is, these notes were given to be negotiated, made payable to the order of the mortgagor, and the mortgage passed with the notes as an inoident, free of the equities between the original parties. The case of Carpenter v. Longan, 16 Wall. 271, sustains fully the doctrine which I ha"e laid down here, that the parties to a mortgage
76
FEDERAL REPORTER.
cannot set up a mistake as against the purchaser of the notes and the holder of the mortgage debt. The same doctrine was affirmed in the case of the New Orleans Canal d: Banking Co. v. Montgomery, 95 U. S. 16. The court must therefore presume that when the complainant purchased these notes she took them with knowledge of the fact that the defendant Drury had assumed and agreed to pay them, and that the obligation could be enforced by the holder of the notes. The defendant Drury had by this deed made himself, apparently at least, a quasi party to the notes. He had agreed to assume and pay these notes, and thereby had given them, the court must presume, currency in the market. The mortgagee-that is, the bona fide holder of these notes -is, to theeKtent of this mortgage, a purchaser of the mortgaged premises. Jones, Mortg. (1st :E)d.) § 710. In Pierce v. Faunce, 47 Me. 507, the court says: "A mortgage is pro tanto a purchase, and the bona jlde mortgagee is equally entitled to protection as the bona jldegrantee. So the assignee of a mortgage without notice is on the same footing with a bonafide mortgagee in all Calles. The reliance of the purchaser is upon the record, and when that discloses an unimpeachable title he receives the protection of the law as against unknown and latent defects."
In this case the defendant Drury seeks to avoid the effect of the assumption of the debt on the ground of mistake, and the case seems to me to stand on precisely the same ground that it would occupy if he had filed a bill in equity to reform the deed upon the ground that the assumption clause was inserted in it by mistake; and the rule is well settled that such a mistake cannot be rectified to the prejudice of an innocent purchaser for value, (Story, Eq. Jur. § 165; Sickmon v; Wood, 69 Ill. 329 ;)and if Dmry could not be allowed to reform the deed by direct proceedings for that purpose as against the bona fule holder of this mortgage and notes, who has purchased them on the faith of this assumption appearing on the record, it is equally clear that he cannot be allowed to setup that. defense in this .canse. tlterefore conclude :that while, as. between Drury and Daggett, this clause of assumption was wrongfully inserted, or at least improperly inserted, in the deed, yet such mistake cannot be set up against the complainant, who has purchased these notl:js on the faith of Drurisapparent assumption of them, which then appeared of record; and I also hold that the relea.se deed made by.Daggett to Drury from this l}ssumption be deemed ino:perative as against com-