Royal v. Tombone’s Empirical Analysis
141 F.3d 596 · 1998
Citation profile
10 federal appellate · 1 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 51 later decisions — most recently July 2020 · most notably Trevino v. Johnson (1999), Orr v. Hawk (1998)
10 federal appellate · 1 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113 · 18 U.S.C. § 3621 · 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 924 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 2241 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996) · 5 U.S.C. § 552 (Freedom of Information Act)
Relies on Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. · Weaver v. Graham · Maleng v. Cook · Reno v. Koray · Shalala v. Guernsey Memorial Hospital
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 51 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A taking “by force and violence” entails the use of physical force. Likewise, a taking “by intimidation” involves the threat to use such force. As the Seventh Circuit explained ..., “[t]here is no space between ‘bank robbery’ and ‘crime of violence’ ” because “violence in the broad sense that includes a merely threatened use of force is an element of every bank robbery.” Put succinctly, ... [blank robbery under § 2113(a), “by force and violence,” requires the use of physical force. Bank robbery under § 2113(a), “by intimidation,” requires the threatened use of physical force. Either of those alternatives includes an element that is “the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force,” and thus bank robbery under § 2113(a) constitutes a crime of violence under the force clause of § 924(c)(3).”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“An inmate who completes a residential drug treatment program during his ... current commitment may be eligible for early release by a period not to exceed 12 months, ... unless the inmate’s current offense is determined to be a crime of violence as defined in 18 U.S.C. § 924 (c)(3),”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“As any determination by the BOP that Royal was eligible for a sentence reduction was erroneous, his actual status has not been retroactively changed. . . .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Zacher v. Tippy
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.