United States v. Biro’s Empirical Analysis
143 F.3d 1421 · 1998
Citation profile
9 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 17 later decisions — most recently February 2023
9 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1956 (§ 1352 of the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986) · 18 U.S.C. § 2510 (Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986) · 18 U.S.C. § 2512 (Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986) · 18 U.S.C. § 3583 · 18 U.S.C. § 545 · 21 U.S.C. § 857 · 8 U.S.C. § 1229A (§ 240 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (McCarran-Walter))
Relies on Jackson v. Virginia · Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc. · Kolender v. Lawson · Lanzetta v. State New Jersey · United States v. National Dairy Products Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 17 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he fact that a defendant reasonably should have known something is established in substantially the same manner as actual knowledge.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“[e]xisting telephone companies and electronic mail companies are providers of electronic communications services”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“any service which provides to users thereof the ability to send or receive wire or electronic communications.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.