Pafford v. Herman’s Empirical Analysis
148 F.3d 658 · 1998
Citation profile
31 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 78 later decisions — most recently January 2019 · most notably Thompson v. Potomac Electric Power Co. (2002), Haywood v. Lucent Technologies, Inc. (2003)
31 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine · St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks · O'CONNOR v. Consolidated Coin Caterers Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 78 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual or to otherwise discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; or (2) to limit, segregate, or classify his employees or applicants for employment in any way which would deprive or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect his status as an employee, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a)(l). With respect to training programs the statute provides that: It shall be an unlawful employment practice for any employer, labor organization, or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining, including on-the-job training programs to discriminate against any individual because of his race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in admission to, or employment in, any program established to provide apprenticeship or other training. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(d).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“One of the prima facie elements of a failure to promote claim is that the plaintiff demonstrate that she was qualified for the promotion position. If the plaintiff was not qualified for any reason, then she falls short of establishing a prima facie case and there is no inference of discrimination.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“because he has opposed any practice made an unlawful employment practice by this subchapter, or because he has made a charge, testified, assisted, or participated in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this subchapter.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.