148 N.C. App. 282 - State v. Beckham’s Empirical Analysis
2002
Citation profile
12
cited by 12 later decisions
1
states following
June 2018
most recently cited
12 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez · United States Marcus v. Hess · United States v. Ursery · Hudson v. United States · Helvering v. Mitchell
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 12 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“comes into play only on a finding of scienter.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“the mere presence of a [deterrent quality] is insufficient to render a sanction criminal [because] deterrence may serve civil, as well as criminal goals,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“whether the sanction promotes the `traditional aims of punishment retribution and deterrence.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.