Pittman v. Grayson’s Empirical Analysis
149 F.3d 111 · 1998
Citation profile
6 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 52 later decisions — most recently May 2025 · most notably Gierlinger v. Gleason (1998), Robert Linda Provost v. The City of Newburgh (2001)
6 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Murphy v. Sullivan · Lambert v. Genesee Hospital · Galdieri-Ambrosini v. National Realty & Development Corp. · Detroit Auto Dealers Ass'n v. Federal Trade Commission · Wells v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 52 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“know the wrongful nature of the primary actor's conduct,”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Concerted action liability under New York law is based on the principle that `[a]ll those who, in pursuance of a common plan or design to commit a tortious act, actively take part in it, or further it by cooperation or request, or who lend aid or encouragement to the wrongdoer... are equally liable with him.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) an express or tacit agreement to `participate in a common plan or design to commit a tortious act,' (2) tortious conduct by each defendant, and (3) the commission by one of the defendants, in pursuance of the agreement, of an act that constitutes a tort.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.