x999-2" type="majority">Per Curiam.

Defendant, Leon Cogan, appeals by leave granted from the trial court’s denial of his motion to compel discovery. The sought-after discovery consists of a court order to compel the parties to submit to an HLA blood-group testing. The reason given by the defendant for such discovery is the necessity of the test to assist him in proving his defense of "truth” in this lawsuit brought by his former wife, plaintiff Sandra Cogan, and a child born during the marriage, plaintiff Kevin Cogan, in which they charge him with slander, defamation, and intentional infliction of emotional distress because he stated he is not the biological father of Kevin Cogan.

Plaintiff Sandra Cogan and the defendant are not strangers to this Court. Cogan v Cogan, 119 Mich App 476; 326 NW2d 414 (1982), lv den 417 Mich 988 (1983), involved the defendant’s post-divorce motion to challenge the paternity of plaintiff Kevin Cogan. This Court held in Cogan, supra,that, since the defendant failed to raise the question of paternity in the original divorce action, he *378was precluded from doing so by the doctrine of res judicata.1

While the matter of the defendant’s position in Cogan, supra,was pending in the divorce case, the plaintiffs began this action at law with the attendant right to a jury trial. The defendant answered the plaintiffs’ complaint by pleading that any statements he made were true and that truth is an absolute defense to defamation. Defendant then filed his motion to compel the parties (plaintiff Kevin is now an adult) to submit to the HLA tests.2 The plaintiffs state that they should not be required to submit to such a test because collateral estoppel bars relitigation of the paternity issue, that defendant is barred from denying paternity because of the doctrine of equitable estoppel and, lastly, that defendant has failed to provide a factual basis for his request. The trial judge agreed with the plaintiffs and, in his opinion denying defendant’s motion, stated:

"This court is constrained to follow the Court of Appeals’ ruling in Cogan v Cogan, 119 Mich App 476 (1982). In that opinion the Court concluded that the Defendant was barred from raising the paternity issue under the doctrine of res judicata since Defendant could have raised it at trial. * * * The instant case is governed by the doctrine of collateral estoppel since it involves the same parties but is based on a different *379cause of action. The issue of paternity has already been litigated and this court cannot compel further discovery on that issue.”

Defendant argues that the trial court erred in holding that the collateral estoppel doctrine barred his request for HLA blood testing since the question of paternity has not been actually and fully litigated and since the parties to the divorce proceeding and this proceeding are not the same. We agree.

Collateral estoppel bars relitigation of issues previously decided between the same parties where a second cause of action is different. Howell v Vito’s Trucking & Excavating Co, 386 Mich 37, 41-42; 191 NW2d 313 (1971); LaVergne v Community National Bank of Pontiac, 132 Mich App 387; 347 NW2d 463 (1984). Unlike the situation before this Court in Cogan, supra,the present defamation action is a different cause of action from either the original divorce action or defendant’s request for a determination of paternity and/or abatement of child support. Accordingly, principles of collateral estoppel rather than res judicata apply here.

While res judicata bars the relitigation of issues which might have been presented in the first action, collateral estoppel conclusively bars only issues "actually litigated” in the first action. Stolaruk Corp v Dep’t of Transportation, 114 Mich App 357, 361-362; 319 NW2d 581 (1982); Braxton v Litchalk, 55 Mich App 708, 718; 223 NW2d 316 (1974); Rinaldi v Rinaldi, 122 Mich App 391, 398; 333 NW2d 61 (1983). A question has not been actually litigated until put into issue by the pleadings, submitted to the trier of fact for a determination, and thereafter determined. Sahn v Brisson, 43 Mich App 666, 670; 204 NW2d 692 (1972). Moreover, in order to be "litigated as a matter of *380fact”, the issue must have constituted a material question in the other controversy. See MacKenzie v Union Guardian Trust Co, 262 Mich 563; 247 NW 914 (1933).

In the instant case, paternity was not a material issue in the original divorce proceeding. Accordingly, entry of the judgment of divorce did not act as a bar to defendant’s subsequent attempt to establish nonpaternity for the purpose of defending against plaintiffs’ defamation action. Nor does the dismissal of defendant’s petition for determination of paternity and/or abatement of child support collaterally estop defendant from attempting to establish nonpaternity in the instant case. Where an action is terminated by the granting of an accelerated judgment, such judgment does not constitute litigation on the merits. Oakley v Dep’t of Mental Health, 122 Mich App 638; 332 NW2d 552 (1983), vacated on other grounds 418 Mich 886 (1983). We therefore conclude that the trial court erred in finding that either the original divorce action or the dismissal of defendant’s subsequent petition to determine paternity barred any attempt by defendant to defend against plaintiffs’ defamation action by establishing nonpaternity.

Moreover, for collateral estoppel to apply, there must be a mutuality of parties. In Grano v Ortisi, 86 Mich App 482, 488; 272 NW2d 693 (1978), a case involving the relitigation of issues previously decided but with different parties and in which the trial judge relied upon the doctrine of res judicata and collateral estoppel, this Court in reversing wrote:

"In Curry v Detroit, 394 Mich 327, 331; 231 NW2d 57 (1975), the Supreme Court, discussing res judicata stated:

" 'In Tucker v Rohrback, 13 Mich 78 (1864), the Court *381said that a "judgment, to constitute a bar to a claim in a subsequent action, must be rendered upon the merits, upon the same matter in issue, and between the same parties or their privies”.’

"The mutuality of parties requirement set forth in Curryapplies equally to the doctrine of collateral estoppel.”

Except for the fact that plaintiff Sandra Cogan and defendant Leon Cogan were at one time parties to a divorce action, this case is not unlike Grano, supra,because we have an additional plaintiff, Kevin Cogan, seeking money damages. Therefore, the doctrine of collateral estoppel does not apply.

The defense in this case is "truth”, and one of the tools the defendant seeks to use to prove this alleged truth is the HLA type test. He should have it to defend this suit brought by the plaintiffs.

Since the defendant has raised truth as a defense, plaintiffs’ argument of equitable estoppel is without merit. Plaintiffs’ claim that defendant has failed to provide a factual basis for his request ignores the fact that paternity is in controversy and MCR 2.311(A) provides for the relief the defendant seeks.

Our disposition in this case makes it unnecessary to consider the defendant’s other argument, that he was denied his constitutional right to present a defense by the trial court’s ruling.

Reversed. Costs to appellant.

For other cases also relying on the doctrine of res judicata to preclude fathers from denying paternity after a divorce action see Baum v Baum, 20 Mich App 68; 173 NW2d 744 (1969); Stewart v Stewart, 91 Mich App 602; 283 NW2d 809 (1979).

Other panels of this Court have reached the same result using a different analysis. See, e.g., Thompson v Thompson, 112 Mich App 116; 315 NW2d 555 (1982); Bland v Bland, 136 Mich App 622; 358 NW2d 23 (1984).

HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigen) blood tests were developed fairly recently and can determine paternity to a 98-99% certainty. This type of test became admissible due to an amendment to the paternity act, 1982 PA 129. See MCL 722.716; MSA 25.496.

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