GILDERSLEEVE
v.
GAYNOR.
101
intended to give foreign companies any such advantage, but rather intended that the company should be required to appoint an agent in such manner as to estop it from denying or questioning the validity of a service when made on him, leaving it for suitors to make their election whether they would serve the agent thus appointed, or take the risk of proving the agency of any other agent upon whom service might be obtained. The only remaining question, then, is, were Henicke and Schoeniger such agents of the defendant as to make the service on them effectual to bring the defendant into court? As already stated, they were the defendant's agents with whom the plaintiffs dealt in regard to the subject-matter of this suit. They issued the policy which forms the basis of complainants' claim, and have acted in the premises since the alleged liability is said to have accmed. If they were the agents of the defendant for the purpose of making this contract, it seems to me they are sufficiently so to be served with process to enforce it. The return in this case does not show affirmatively that the president of the corporation was not found in this district, and is therefore, perhaps, technically defective under some of the decisions in this state. I do not, however, understand that the defendants attached any importance to this point, and if they do it can probably be avoided by the marshal taking leave to amend his return, as, I presume, it is not contended that service could have been made upon the president of the defendant company within this district.
and others v.
GHNOR,
Assignee, and others.
(Uircuit Oourt, S. D. Alabama.
December Term, 1882.)
IN BANKRUPTCy-SECTION 5057, REV. ST., CONsTumm. The defendants 10 a suit in equity for the foreclosure of a purchase-money mortgage executed to the complainants by the mortgagor, a bankrupt, who, together with his are joined as defendants, demurred to the eomplaint on the ground that the eause falls within seetion 5057 of the Revised Statutes, and that it could not be maintained because more than two years had elapsed from the date of the appointment of the assignee of the estate and effects of the bankrupt to the commencement of the suit. Held, that the bar of the statute applies, not to every suit at law or in equity between an assignee in bankruptcy and another person, but to suits between an assignee in bankruptcy and a person claiming any adfJerse interest to any property or rights of property transferaLIe to or vested in such assignee, and
"-
102
FEDERAL REPORTER.
that the action at bar does not fall within the stat1lte; since the fact of the mortgage being admitted, the suit for the foreclosure of it is not the claim of an adverse interest in the property, within the meaning of the statute. The suit of one party against another in reference to property rights does not necessarily imply the existence of adverse interests to such property.
In Bankruptcy. Heard upon demurrer to bill. BRUOE, J. This is a suit in equity for the foreclosure of a mortgage executed to the complainants by the mortgagor, Nelson W. Perry, a bankrupt, upon the property described in the bill, for the purchase money, to which Gaynor, the assignee of the bankrupt, Perry, and others are made parties defendant. The bill alleges that Nelson W. Perry was adjudged a bankrupt August 20, 1878; that. the defendant Gaynor was appointed assignee of the estate of the bankrupt, Perry, on the fifth day of December, 1878, and the bill in this case was filed on the seventeenth day of November, 1882. The demurrant claims, therefore; that this cause falls within section 5057 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, and that it cannot be maintained, because more than two years had elapsed from the date of the appointment of Gaynor as the assignee of the estate and effects of the bankrupt to the commencement of this suit. Section 5057 provides: "No suit, either at law or in equity, shall be maintainable in any court beween an assignee in bankruptcy and a person claitl1ing an adverse interest touching any property or rights of property transferable to or vested in such assignee. unless brought within two years from the time when the cause of action accrued for or against such assignee. ... ... ..."
The question, then, to be determined is whether the suit, the character and purpose of which is shown by the allegations of the bill, falls within this statute; for if so, the bar of the statute applies, and the question being properly raised by the demurrer, it would have to be sustained. The question is not, whtlther the action at bar falls within any exception to the statute, but does it fall within the statute at all? The bar of the statute applies, not to every suit at law or in equity between an assignee in bankruptcy and another person, but to suits between an assignee in bankruptcy arrd a person claiming an adverse 'interest touching any property or rights of property transferable to or vested in such assignee. The assignee succeeds to the property and rights of property of the bankrupt; so that the assignee, Gaynor, succeeded to the property and rights of property of the bankrupt, Perry, which were under the bankrupt law transferred to and vested in the assignee.
GILDERSLEEVE V. GAYNOR.
103
The assignee took no other or greater interest in the property than the bankrupt had in it at the date of his bankruptcy. He stands in the shoes of the bankrupt, and takes the property in the same plight and condition in which the bankrupt held it. Yeatman v. Savings Institute, 95 U. S. 766. The title to the property had passed to the mortgagee ullder the mortgage, and the bankrupt had the right to redeem, to which right the assignee succeeded; that is, to the equity of redemption. He might redeem the property or sell it subject to the mortgage, or he may do neither the one nor the other; and the mortgagee may not come into the court of bankruptcy preferring to rely sQlely upon his security, which he has the right to do. Wicks v. Perkins, 1 Woods: 383. The proposition of the demurrant is that if the mortgagee does not begin his suit to foreclose his mortgage within two years from the date of the appointment of the assignee, his suit is barred Jlnder section 5057 of the Revised Statutes of the United States. The proposition is almost startling to one wh0 has regarded the provi. sions of the bankrupt law as protecting rather than imperiling bOM /ide liens upon property of a bankrupt. But to the question: Can the suit for the foreclosure of the mortgage . be held to be a claim of an adverse interest touching the property or right of property transferable to and vested in the assignee? What do the words "adverse interest," as used in the statute, mean? It is too narrow to say that it applies to property only held by adverse possession, and nnder claim of title hostile to every other. In Bailey v. Glover, 21 Wall. 346, the surreme court of the United States says: "This is a statute of limitations; it is precisely like other statutes of limitations, and applies to all judicial contests between the assignee and other persons touching the property or rights of property of the bankrupt transferable to or vested in the assignee, where the interests are adverse, and have so existed for more than two years from the time the cause of action accrued for or against the assignee."
See, also, Gifford v. Helms, 98 tT S. 248. 'l'he statute, then, applies not only to suits where .there is a contest as to the right of property in specie, but to suits where there are adverse interests; that is, claims on the one hand which are denied on the other, the determination of which will affect the quantum of the bankrupt's estate aud the distributive share of the creditors. To cases of this class the statute applies, the object of it being, as the courts have said, to speed the settlement of the estate of the bankrupt.
104
The question, then, is, does the case at bar for the foreclosure of a mortgage fall within this class? And is the suit a claim of an interest adverse to the estate of the bankrnpt, which would diminish it in the hands of the assignee and thus affect the rights of the creditors?· The complainants do not claim any other or greater right in the property covered by the mortgage, than that granted by the mortgagor in his deed of mortgage, and the relief prayed is no other than the legal effect of the mortgage, which is the act and deed of the grantor therein. The demurrants' proposition rests upon the assumption that the mortgagee and his grantor held interests in the property covered by the mortgage adverse and hostile to each other; that there is a claim on the one hand that is denied on the other. Such may be the fact, and the mortgagor may challenge the validity of t.he mortgage, and cohtest the alleged lien upon the property, and in such a case it is apprehended that the assignee of the mortgagOl' in bankruptcy would be oompelled to move within two years to make such an attack upon the mortgage to relieve the property of an unfounded claim, so that it might go into the bankruptcy and be distributed to the creditors of the bankrupt. But that is not the case here, and the demurrant does not and cannot make such a question here, for the allegations of the bill make a case of a bona fide deed of mortgage, and, for the purpose of this demurrer, these allegations must be taken as true. The fact of the mortgage being admitted, the suit for the foreclosure of it is not the claim of an adverse interest in the property within the meaning of section 5057 of the Revised Statutes of the United States. It does not follow that because one party brings a suit versus another party in reference to property rights, that they necessarily bear adverse interests to property, or rights of property; for the object of the suit may be, not to contest rights of property, but to determine judicially the respective interests which such party has to the property. The right to an equity of redemption is not inconsistent with the rights of a mortgagee under his mortgage, unless there is a disclaimer of the mortgage and an assertion of title hostile to it. Ellsberry v. Boykin, 65 Ala. 342, and cases there cited. The cases cited in support of the demurrer do. not sustain it, for they are not cases where the relation betweeu the parties was that of mortgagee and the assignee in bankruptcy of the mortgagor, unless it be the case of Phelan v. O'Brien, 12 FED. REP. 428, where there had been a sale of the property covered by the dced of trust, and the
105
suit to set the sale aside was instituted more than two years after the date of the sale. The court held the statute of two years to apply to a suit of that kind, and it is manifest that the relation between the parties, after a sale of the property, was a different relation from tha t the parties occupied to each other before the sale. After the sale the relation was not only one of ad verse interest, but it was one, also, of adverse holding by the purchaser claiming absolute title. The case In re Ohurchman, 5 FED. REP. 181, was a case to ascertain and establish a lien on a vessel for supplies and repairs furnished, and it was there held that the statute of two years did apply; but the point in that case seems rather to have been that the statute did not apply, because it was a maritime lien that was sought to be established, against which the claim was that no statute of limitations runs. But the court held otherwise. The case, however, is not the case at bar, for it is a case to ascertain and establish a lien, not to foreclose a mortgage. It is claimed that this court-the circuit court of the United Stateshas no jurisdiction of this suit if the interest of the mortgagee and the assignee is not adverse, because the language used in section 4979 of the Revised Statutes, conferring jurisdiction on the circuit courts in each district concurrent with the district courts of all suits at law or in equity brought by an assignee in bankruptcy against any person claiming an adverse interest, or by such person against an assignee touching any property or rights of property transfera,ble to or vested in such assignee, is in substance used in the section now under consideration. Where there is a claim of such adverse interest, section 4979 gives jurisdiction to the circuit court. But admit that the section does not cover this case, does it follow that there is no jurisdiction in the circuit court of the United States to entertain a bill to foreclose a mortgage where the conditions as to citizenship and amount involved exist? I think not. The jurisdiction of the court does not depend: upon section 4979 of the Revised Statutes. The result of these views is that the demurrer is overruled, and it. is so ordered.
106
HARRIS
ALLltN
and others.
(Oircuit Oourt, N. D. !lUMia. PATENT LAW-INFRINGEMENT- SPE(lIFICATIONS.
January 1.5, 1883.)
A pat.ent,like a contract, must be so construed as to effectuate t.he intention of the parties. So, where, in the specifications for a patent" hed bottom," the patentee describes the Irame-work as" wooden," it waslleld that the intention 01 the patentee was to claim a c, wooden frame" to the exclusion of other material, and that the use of an iron frame for the same purpose is not an infringement.
In Equity. Jesse Cox, Jr., for complainants. .H. Harrison, for defendants. BLODGETT, J. This is a bill to restrain the infringement, by defendant, Qf patent No. 125,250, dated April 2, 1872, issued to Sidney B. Andrews, for an "improvement in spring bed bottoms." Complainants claim title by mesne assignments from Andrews, and no question is made as to their title. The bed bottom in question is described by Andrews as a "suspension spiral spring bed bottom," and is said in the specifications to consist of a number of spiral wire springs connected together by links, and suspended within a rectangular frame- by means of suspension wires, passing around the bars which ·form the frame, and attached to the rows of springs and rings next the frame bars. The patentee says: "My invention consists of five different parts-First, the wooden frame; second, spiral springs; third, rings; fourth, hook links; and, fifth, suspension wires." The claim is: "The combination of the several parts of my invention, namely, the springs, B, rings, C, and links, D, with the suspension wire, E, and frame, A, so as to form a suspension bed bottom, substantially as and for the purpose set forth." The novelty of the invention is not denied, and the only question raised is, does the bed bottom made by defendant, as shown in the proof, infringe the Andrews patent? The defendants' bed bottom is constructed with an irun frame, made of gas-pipe of about three-fourths of an inch external diameter, and has no rings, but is made up wholly of a con· geries of spiral wire springs connected together by hook links, so as to form a web or surface for the mattress to rest upon, and suspension wires which suspend or hold within the frame the fabric made by the springs and hooks. It appears from the proof that in a portion of the beds made by the defendant the suspension wires simply