MORAN V.SEOORD.
509
the treaty obligations or justify a refusal to surrender the aC6used, if a treaty offense is charged and proved upon a subsequent requisition here. In such a case it is to be presumed that new proceedings are designed to be instituted there for the higher offense which is here charged, and -for which the accused is claimed. In the complaint presented to the commissioner 'in this case the complainant makes oath that he is the consul of the Swiss confederation at this port, duly .recognized as. such by the president of the United States; and, in conclusion, the complainant, as such consular agent, and "in the .name of the Swiss confederation, requests a warrant, .et;}., for the delivery of said Roth to the authorities of the Swiss confederation, in accordance with the terms of said treaty." All the conditions of the 'stipulations of the treaty have, in my opinion, been fully met; and the writ, therefore, should be dismissed, and the prisoner remanded. See In 1'6 Jl'owtel', 4: FED, REP. 303; Ex pm'te Lane. 6 FED. RJU>. 84.
MORAN '/J. SEOORD.
(Uirtui, Court, 8. D. New York.
1883.)
1M:PBISONlllD DEBTOR-DISCHARGE UNDER NEW YORK CODE-EscAPE.
The defendant, an imprisoned debtor, petitioned for a discharge. The plaintiff opposed on the ground that the application was premature, the defendaht not having been imprisoned on the execution issued from this court for a period of three months, as is required by section 2202 of the New York Code of Civil Procedure, Held, that such objection was well taken. The statute in such cases must be strictly followed to give the cot.rt jurisdiction, and a discharge granted before a strict compliance with the statute in this rcspp.ct would render the marshal liable in an action for an escape.
Robert Mazet, for motion. E. W. Searing, opposed. COXE, J. The defendant, an imprisoned debtor, petitions for a discharge. The plaintiff opposes on the ground, among others, that the application is premature, the defendant not having been imprisoned on the execution issued out of this court for a period of three months, as required by section 2202 of the Code of Civil Procedure. After' careful consideration it is thought that this objection, though technical, is well taken. Unless the statute is strictly followed the court does not acquire jurisdiction, and a discharge then granted would
510
FEDERALnEPORTER.
render the marshal liable in an· action for an escape. The defend. ant was originally imprisoned by virtue of an order of arrest issued out of the state court. While he was still in the custody of the sheriff the case was removed to this court, where judgment was subsequen tly rendered in favor of the plaintiff for $6,582.71. The judgment was docketed Febrmiry 24, 1882. On the fifteenth day of May thereafter an execution against the person of thi:l defendant was issued to the marshal. The defendant being still in the custody of the sheriff, the marshal was unable to execute his process until the twenty-ninth day of December, 1882, when the prisoner was transferred to him by an order of this court. On that day the following return was in. dorsed on the execution: "I certify that on the twenty-ninth day of December, 1882, at the city of New York, in my district, I arrested the within-named defendant, David P. Secord, and have committed him to the jail of the city and county of York, as I am within commanded. "Dated December 29, 1882. II HENRY E. KNOX, U. S. Marshal."
The petition in this matter was presented to the court on the twelfth day of January, 1883, 14 days thereafter. It was thought on the argument-the execution having superseded the order of arrest-that the defendant was, constructively at least, imprisoned by virtue of the execution, but a careful reading of the statute leads to the conclusion that imprisonment must be actual and not constructive. Where the amount exceeds $500, the language of the statute is: "A person so imprisoned - - · caunot present such a petition until he has been imprisoned, lry virtue of the execution, "" .., · for at least three months." It is not necessary to inquire here who was to blame for the defendant's detention by the sheriff for seven months and more after the execution had been placed in the hands of the marshal. The fact cannot be controverted that the impriRonment on the marshal's execution had lasted but 14 days when this petition was presented. In Dusart v. Delacroix, 1 Abb. Pro (N. S.) 409, note, the precise question was decided, the court holding that the statute contemplated an actual imprisonment, under the execution, for a period of three months. See, also, In re Rosenberg, 10 Abb. Pro (N. S.) 450. It follows that the application must be denied on the ground stated, but with leave to renew on the payment of $10 costs, at any time after the expiration of three months from December 29, 1882.
,IIi Blli WATSON.
511
In re
WATSON.
(District Oourt, D. Vermon.t. December 1, 1882.) 1. LICENSE-PEDDLERS-STATE
LAw UNCONSTITUTIONAL. A state statute requiring all persons engaged in.peddling to procure a license for the privilege of sellingthllir goods within the state, and against goods, wares, and merchandise manufactured without the state, and which further provides that no person shall be licensed as a peddler' 'who has not resided in the state one year .next preceding his application for a'license, thereby discrimiMting against is. in violatiQn c:>f t1,J.at clauscQf the constitution of the United States which gives to congress tile, power to !egulate commerce among the several Fltates, and of that clause which secures to citizens of each state all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the'several states.
2.
STATUTORY OFFENSE-EFFECT OF UNCONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION.
Where, by a state law, peddling without a license is made an offense, and nonresidents are expressly prohibited from obtaining a license, the pari. discriminating against non-residents cannot be taken away and leave enough to render:a non-resident guilty, or support a prosecution and conviction for the odens!,.
On Habeas Corpus. S. C. Shurtleff, for relator. Joseph A. Wing, for the State. WREELER, J. The Revised Laws of the state of Vermont define who shall be deemed a peddler, and provide that "no person shall be deemed a. peddler by reason of selling artioles of goods, wares, or merohandise, which are the manufacture of the state, ex.cept plated or gilded wares, jewelry, clocks, and watches;" that no person shall he licensed as a peddler who has not resided in the state one yelltr next preceding the ,application for a license; what the license fees shall be; and that a person who becomes a peddler without a license in force shall forfeit not more than $300, nor less than $50. Revised Laws, §§ 3951, 3952, 3954, 3955. The relator is a citizen of Massachusetts, and has not resided in this state, and is prosecuted for becoming a peddler by selling plated wares, jewelry, and watches, manufactures of Massaohusetts, without a license, and is restrained of his liberty under those proceedings. The only question made upon the hearing is whether these statutes of the st.ate are sufficiently oonstitutional and valid to support such proceedings. The constitution of the United States provides that "the congress shall have power" "to regulate commeroe" "among the several states," and that "the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states." Article 1,§ 8; art. 4, § 2.