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15 I. & N. Dec. 552

BOGART

Board of Immigration Appeals

Decided July 1, 1975

Board of Immigration Appeals · decided 1975-07-01

Applies 5 U.S.C. § 500

Relies on Schware v. Board of Bar Examiners of NM · In the Matter of John Ruffalo Jr · Theard v. United States

Decided 1975-07-01

 Interim Decision #2465




                               MATTER OF BOGART

                            In Disbarment Proceedings
                                      A-17179568

          Decided by Board June 12, 1975 and January 21, 1976
             Decided by Attorney General January 15, 1976
(1) The standard for suspension from practice before the Board and the Service is the
  same as that for disbarment before the federal courts.
(2) In light of the discretionary character of suspension from practice under 8 CFR
  292.3(a), where suspension, as in the instant case, is predicated on 8 CFR 292.3(a)(7),
  the procedure established by 8 CFR 292.3(b), to allow respondent to show cause why he
  should not be suspended or disbarred, must provide the opportunity to do more than
  contest whether the respondent's name appears on a state suspension order. It must
  also include the opportunity to show that the state order was based on an invalid
  procedure or patently inadequate evidence, or that for some other grave reason the
  normal presumption established by 8 CFR 292.3(a)(7) should not govern.
(3) Since respondent in the instant ease was denied the opportunity to present contentions
  and evidence going to alleged fundamental procedural inadequacy of his state court
  suspension and alleged insubstantiality of evidence supporting it, the suspension order
  of the Roan' is reversed and the ease is remanded for further proceedings,

CHARGE: 8 CFR 292.3(a)(1)
ON BEHALF OF RESPONDENT: Pro se


                             BEFORE THE BOARD
                                   (June 12, 1975)
   This case is before us pursuant to the provisions of 8 CFR 292.3(b).
The respondent is an attorney who was admitted to the bar of the State
of New York in 1961, and to the bar of the State of California in 1962. On
March 30, 1966 the Supreme Court of the State of California entered the
following order pertaining to the respondent:
    Peter D. Bogart, having been convicted of violating sections 470 and 427 of the Penal
  Code, offenses involving moral turpitude, and an appeal having been taken, it is
  ordered, purgmant to section 6102 of The State Bar Act,' that he be suspended from the
  practice of law in this state until further order of this court. 2
      Section 6102 of the Business and Professions Code of California, which states, in
  part:
    (a) Upon tie receipt of the certified copy of such record of conviction, if it appears
  therefrom that the crime of which the attorney was convicted involved or that there is
  probably cause to believe that it involved moral turpitude, the Supreme Court shall

                                          552
                                                          Interim Decision #2465
   On October 31, 1968, the Service commenced disbarment proceedings
against the respondent under 8 CFR 292.3 with the issuance of a notice
to show cause. Thereafter, on June 29, 1969, the Service terminated
those proceedings on the ground that they were unnecessary, because
the respondent was no longer within the definition of an "attorney"
qualified to practice before the Service and this Board as that term is
defined in 8 CFR 1. 1(f). 3
   The respondent proceeded to challenge the Service's action in court.
In a decision rendered August 31, 1971, the Ninth Circuit Court of
Appeals held that:
      . We believe Bogart has a constitutional right to a hearing before the agency
  before being denied the right to further practice before the agency, department regulations to the contrary notwithstanding. 4
   In response to the Ninth Circuit's ruling, the respondent was served
with a new notice requiring him to show cause why his suspension or
disbarment from practice before the Service and the Board would not be
in the public interest pursuant to 8 CFR 292.3(a)(7) (Ex. 1). This notice
also informed the respondent of his right to request a hearing before a
representative of the Regional Commissioner of the Service. The respondent answered denying the allegations contained in the notice to
show cause and requesting a hearing.
 suspend the attorney until the time for appeal has elapsed, if no appeal has been taken,
 or until the judgment of conviction has been affirmed on appeal, or has otherwise
 become final, and until the further order of the court. Upon good cause shown the court
 may set aside such suspension when it appears to be in the interests of justice so to do,
 due regard being had to maintaining the integrity of an confidence in the profession.
    (b)If, after adequate notice and opportunity to be heard (which hearing shall not be
 had until the judgment of conviction has become final or, irrespective of any subsequent
 order under the provisions of section 1203.4 of the Penal Cade, an order granting
 probation has been Made suspending the imposition of sentence), the court finds that the
 crime of which the attorney was convicted, or the circumstances of its commission,
 involved moral turpitude it shall enter an order disbarring the attorney or suspending
 him from practice for a limited time, according to the gravity of the crime and the
 circumstances of the case; otherwise it shall dismiss the proceedings. In determining the
 extent of the discipline to be imposed in a proceeding pursuant to this article any prior
 discipline imposed upon the attorney may be considered.
    (c)The court may refer the proceedings or any part thereof or issue therein, including
 the nature or extent of discipline, to the State Bar for hearing, report and recommendation.
    Bar Misc. No. 3044.
  3 8 CFR 1.1(f) states:
       The term "attorney" means any person who is a member in good standing of the bar
    of the highest court of any State, possession, territory, Commonwealth, or the
    District of Columbia, and is not under any order of any court suspending, enjoining,
    restraining, disbarring, or otherwise restricting him in the practice of law. (Emphasis supplied.)
   Bogart v. Carter, 
445 F.2d 321
 ((.A. 9, 1971).

                                          553
Interim Decision #2465

  A hearing commenced on February 15, 1972, before a presiding officer
duly designated by the Regional Commissioner. After several adjournments to allow the respondent to attempt to retain counsel and to
prepare his defense, the hearing was concluded on October 3, 1972.
  At the hearing, the Service introduced the order of the California
Supreme Court suspending the respondent from the practice of law in
the State of California (Ex. 5). Upon conclusion of the hearing, the
presiding officer entered a recommendation, dated January 24, 1973,
that the respondent be suspended from practice as an attorney before
the Service and the Board during such time as he shall continue to be
suspended from the practice of law in the State of California. The
presiding offt:er's recommendation was adopted by the Regional Commissioner, and the record was forwarded to us for further action pursuant to 
8 Gill 292
.3(b).
  The portion of 8 CFR under which the Service seeks the respondent's
suspension provides:
  § 292.3 Suspension or disbarment.
    (a) Grounds. The Board, with the approval of the Attorney General, may suspend or
 bar from furtt er practice an attorney or representative if it shall find that it is in the
 public interest to do so. The suspension or disbarment of en attorney or representative
 who is within one or more of the following categories shall be deemed to be in the public
 interest, for the purpose of this part, . . :
                                       …
    (7) Who has been temporarily suspended, and such suspension is still in effect, or
 permanently disbarred, from practice in any court, Federal, State (including the District of Columbia), territorial, or insular.
The Service based its entire ease on the order suspending the respondent from the practice of law in California.
   The respondent has attempted in these proceedings to collaterally
attack the validity of the order of the California Supreme Court suspending him from practice, and also to collaterally attack the validity of
the criminal convictions underlying the California Supreme Court's
order. We agree with the presiding officer that this is not the proper
forum for such an attack.
   Under 8 C::TR 292.3(a)(7), our inquiry is limited to a determination of
whether an order of suspension or disbarment has been entered against
the respondent by any of the specified courts, and whether such order is
still in effect. The respondent has conceded that he is the person named
in the order of the California Supreme Court, and he has not shown that
the California Supreme Court lacked the authority to enter such an
order or that the order is no longer in effect. While the decision of the
Ninth Circuit in Bogart v. Carter, 
445 F.2d 321
 (C.A. 9, 1971), required
the granting of a hearing to the respondent, nothing in that decision
required the scope of the hearing to go beyond the proof required to
discipline the respondent under the applicable regulations.
                                          554
                                                          Interim Decision #2465

   Without conceding that there is any necessity for us to consider any
information other than the order of the California Supreme Court suspending the respondent from the practice of law, we note that subsequent to the hearing before the presiding officer, the Supreme Court
of California entered an order permanently disbarring the respondent
from the practice of law in California. In re Bogart, 
9 Cal. 3d 743
, 
511 P.2d 1167
, 
108 Cal. Rptr. 816
 (1973), appeal dismissed, Bogart v. State
Bar of California, 
415 U.S. 903
 (1974).
   In the course of that opinion, the California Supreme Court considered and rejected the respondent's contentions that there were procedural defects in the disciplinary proceedings conducted by the State
Bar of California. The court noted that the respondent received at least
four hearings from the State Bar on the issue of discipline, that the
proceedings were fair, and that the respondent was afforded the assistance of counsel, full discovery, and additional time in which to fully
present his claims. The court also noted that it had rejected seven
attempts by the respondent to have his suspension set aside, and that
the respondent had been denied relief by the United States Supreme
 Court on three occasions. 5 Moreover, we note that the convictions that
formed the basis for the respondent's suspension by the California
 Supreme Court were affirmed on appeal. People v. Bogart, 
7 Cal. App. 3d 257
, 
86 Cal. Rptr. 737
 (1970).
   The respondent claims that 8 CFR 292.3(a)(7) is unconstitutional
because it denies him a dup process hearing on the merits of the charges
upon which the state court suspension was predicated. The short
answer to this contention is that we are bound by the regulations
promulgated under the Immigration and Nationality Act. Matter of
Bilbao-Bastida, 
11 I. & N. Dec. 615
 (BIA 1966), aff'd Bilbao-Bastida v.
INS, 
409 F.2d 820
 (1969), cert. dismissed, 
396 U.S. 802
 (1969); Matter of
Tzimas, 10 L & N. Dec. 101 (BIA 1962). This is not the proper forum for
a determination of the constitutionality of the regulations. Cf. Matter of
Swissair "Flight #164," Interim Decision No. 2324 (BIA 1974); Matter
of Santana, 
13 I. & N. Dec. 362
 (BIA 1969); Matter of L—, 
4 I. & N. Dec. 656
 (BIA 1951).
. The respondent claims that he cannot be suspended or disbarred from
practice before us because he is still a member in good standing of the
bar of the State of New York.° He argues that the language of 5 U.S.C.
500(b) precludes the Service or the Board from preventing his practice
in administrative immigration proceedings as long as he is a member in
    Bogart v. State Bar of California, 
390 U.S. 37
 (1968); Bogart v. Reagan, 
386 U.S. 211
(1967); Bogart v. Traynor, 
385 U.S. 451
 (1967), reh. denied, 
386 U.S. 939
 (1967).
  5 It is not apparent from the record that the respondent has made any attempt to
practice law in the State of New York since his suspension by the California Supreme
Court.
                                         555
                                                            Interim Decision #2465
good standing of the bar of the highest court of any state.? This contention is without merit. It is clearly stated in 5 U.S.C. 500(d)(2) that this
section does not "limit the discipline, including disbarment, of individuals who appear in a representative capacity before an agency."
   We have concluded that the respondent's suspension from practice
before the Service and this Board would be in the public-interest under 8
CFR 292.3(a)(7). Although we have referred to the respondent's apparent permanent disbarment by the Supreme Court of California, In re
Bogart, supra, our decision to 'suspend is based solely on the order of
suspension introduced at the hearing before the presiding officer.
   ORDER: The-respondent is suspended from practice as an attorney
before the Immigration and- Naturalization Service and before the
Board of Immigration Appeals during such time as he is prohibited from
the practice of law in the courts of the State of California.
  Further order:The record is certified to the Attorney General for final
disposition, and the foregoing order is stayed pending such disposition.
                        BEFORE. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
                                    (January 15, 1976)
  This case is before me for review pursuant to 8 CFR 292.3(b). The
facts are as follows: The respondent is an attorney wbb was admitted to
the bar of the State of New York in 1961, and to the bar of the State of
California in :962. On March 20, 1966, the Supreme Court of the State of                      .


California .emered the following order pertaining to the respondent:
   Peter D. Bogart, having been convicted of violating sections 470 and 487 of the Penal
 Code, offense, involving moral turpitude,' and an appeal having been taken, it is
 ordered, pursuant to section 6102 of The State Bar Act, 2 that he be suspended froni the
 practice of law in this state until further order of this court.
      5 U.S.C. 50C(b) provides:
        An individual who is a member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of a
      State may represent a person before an agency on filing with the agency a written
      declaration that he is currently qualified as provided by this subsection and is
      authorized to represent the particular person in whose behalf he acts.
    The offenses were grand theft and forgery.             •
  2 Section 61Q2 of the Business and Professions Code of California states, in pertinent
  part:
     (a) Upon the receipt of the certified copy of such record of conviction, if it appears
  therefrom tha: the crime of which the attorney was convicted involved or that there is
  probably cams to believe that it involved moral turpitude, the Supreme Court shall
  'suspend the attorney until the time for appeal has elapsed, if no appeal has been taken,
  or until the judgment of conviction has been affirmed on apbnal, or has otherwise
 'become final, and until the further order of the court. Upon good cause shown the court
  may set aside such suspension when it appears to be in the interests of justice so to do,
  due regard being had to maintaining the integrity of and confidence in the profession.
     (b) If, after adequate notice and opportunity to be heard (which hearing shall not be
  had until the judgment of conviction has become final or, irrespective of any subsequent
                                           556
                                                            Interim Decision #2465
   On October 31, 1968, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (the
"Service") commenced disbarment proceedings against the respondent
under 8 CFR 292.3 with the issuance of a notice to show cause. Thereafter, on June 29, 1969, the Service terminated those proceedings on the
ground that they were unnecessary since the respondent was.no longer
within the definition of an "attorney" qualified to practice before the
Service and the Board of Immigration Appeals (the "Board") as that
term is defined in 8 CFR 1.1(f).
   The respondent sought judicial review of the Service's action. In a
decision rendered August 8, 1971, the Ninth Circuit Court of appeals
held that Bogart had
   . . . a constitutional right to a hearing before the agency before being denied the right
  to further practice before the agency, department regulations to the contrary notwithstanding.
Bogart v. Carter, 
445 F.2d 321, 322
 (C.A. 9, 1971). The court expressly
relied upon In re Buffalo, 
390 U.S. 544
 (1968) and Theard v. United
States, 
354 U.S. 278
 (1957).
  In response to the Ninth Circuit's ruling, the respondent was served
with a new notice requiring him to show cause why his suspension or
disbarment from practice before the Service and the-Board pursuant to
8 CFR 292.3(a)(7) would not be in the public interest. This notice also
informed the respondent of his right 'to request a hearing before a
representative of the Regional Commissioner of the Service. The respondent answered denying the allegations contained in the notice to
show cause and requesting a hearing.
  A hearing commenced on February 15, 1972, before a presiding officer
duly designated by the Regional Commissioner. After several adjournments to allow the respondent to attempt to retain counsel and to
prepare his defense, the hearing was concluded on October 3, 1972. At
the hearing, the only evidence introduced by the Service w as the order
of the California Supreme Court suspending the respondent from the
practice of law in the State of California. Upon conclusion of the hearing, the presiding officer entered a recommendation, dated January 24,
1973, that the respondent be suspended from practice as an attorney
  order under the provisions of section 1203.4 of the Penal Code, an order granting
 probation hae been made =vending the imposition of sentence), the court finds that the
 crime of which the attorney was convicted, or the circumstances of its commission,
 involved moral turpitude it shall enter an order disbarring the attorney or suspending
 him from practice for a limited time, according to the gravity of the crime and the
 circumstances of the case; otherwise it shall dismiss the proceedings. In determining the
 extent of the discipline to be imposed in a proceeding pursuant to this article any prior
 discipline imposed upon the attorney may be considered.
    (e) The court may refer the proceedings or any part thereof or issue therein, including
 the nature or extent of discipline, to the State Rai- for hearing-, report and recommendation.
                                           557
Interim Decision #2465
before the Service and the Board during such time as he continued to be
suspended from the practice of law in the State of California. The
presiding officer's recommendation was adopted by the Regional Commissioner and the Board of Immigration Appeals.
  The portion of 8 CFR under which the Service seeks the respondent's
suspension provides:
      292.3 Suspension or disbarment.
    (a) Grounds. The Board, with the approval of the Attorney General, may suspend or
  bar from further practice an attorney or representative if it shall find that it is in the
  public interest to do so. The suspension or disbarment of an attorney or representative
  who is within one or more of the following categories shall be deemed to be in the public
  interest, for the purpose of this part, . .
                                     …
     (7) Who has been temporarily suspended, and such suspension is still in effect, or
  peimanently disbarred, from practice in any court, Federal, State (including the District of Columbia), territorial, or insular.

The Service based its entire ease on the simple existence of an outstanding order suspending the respondent from the practice of law in California, and the decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals was expressly
based solely upon the existence of that order.
   In the ccurse of his hearing before the special inquiry officer, respondent attempted on numerous occasions to introduce evidence for the
purpose of diminishing the credit and persuasive value of the suspension
order of the California Supreme Court. Challenges were directed to
both the adequacy of the procedure afforded by the Court, see, e.g., Tr.
at 22-23, find the sufficiency of the evidence supporting its decision.
Much of the. evidence proffered with regard to the latter issue took the
form of substantive and procedural attacks upon the criminal conviction
which underlay the suspension order. The special inquiry officer refused
to accept or consider any of this evidence, stating that he considered the
order of the California Supreme Court to be conclusive and that he
would go behind it neither for the purpose of determining whether
respondent had in fact been convicted of the cited criminal offense nor
for the purpose of ascertaining whether the order was the product of a
procedurally adequate process. Tr. at 32. See also Tr. at 36-37. With
respect to the underlying conviction, the special inquiry officer stated:
       . I wit not consider the validity of the conviction which was the basis of the order
  of the Supreme Court, so that any proof that you want to offer in connection with the
  validity or the legality of that conviction I will not accept regardless of what other offers
  you have in that line, Mr. Bogart, so it's not necessary for you to repeat each of the
  offers. Nothing will be accepted in this proceeding with respect to the legality of the
  conviction which is the basis for the order.

Tr. at 46. See also Tr. at 47. He went on to state:
  I am intereited only in the judgment of the superior (sic) court which suspended you

                                            558
                                                           Interim Decision PVIOD

  from practice, and that suspension could be for any reason, I am not concerned why you
  were suspended.
Tr. at 49. See also Tr. at 52. In short, the special hearing officer
considered himself "conclusively bound by [the] order of the Supreme
Court." Tr. at 60.
   In re 
Ruffalo, supra,
 and Theard v. United 
States, supra,
 upon which
the Ninth Circuit relied in ordering that respondent be granted the
right to a hearing, dealt with disbarments from federal courts op the
basis of state court disbarment or suspension orders. Both cases make
clear that federal courts are not conclusively bound by state court
disbarments, although state disbarment action is entitled to respect.
While, except within narrow limits, see Konigsberg v. California, 
353 U.S. 252
 (1957); Schware v. Board of Bar Examiners, 
353 U.S. 232
(1957), federal courts have no authority to reexamine or reverse the
action of a state supreme court in disbarring a member of its bar, there
is an independent obligation upon the federal courts to determine for
themselves whether withdrawal of the privilege of practicing before
them is warranted. In re Fleck, 
419 F.2d 1040, 1042
 (C.A. 6, 1969); In re
Abrams, 
385 F. Supp. 1210
 (D. N.J., 1974, rev'd on other grounds, No.
75-1029 (C.A. 3, June 30, 1975).
   In Selling v. Radford, 
243 U.S. 46, 50-51
 (1917), the 'seminal case
concerning the effect of state disbarment on corresponding federal action, and the case underlying both Buffalo and Theard, the Supreme
Court set out the standard by which its judgment would be guided:
 In other words, in passing upon the question of the right to continue to be a member of
 the bar of this court, we think we should recognize the absence of fair private and
 professional character inherently arising as the result of the action of the Supreme
  Court of Michigan so far as we are at liberty to do so consistently with the duty resting
 upon us to determine for ourselves the right to continue to be a member of this bar. That
 is to say, we are of the opinion that we should recognize the condition created by the
 judgment of the state court unless, from an intrinsic Consideration of the state record,
  one or all of the following conditions should appear: L that the state procedure from
 want of notice or opportunity to be heard was wanting in due process; 2. that there w
 such en infirmity of proof as to facts found to have established the want of fair private
 and professional character as to give rise to a clear conviction on our part that we could
 not consistently with our duty accept as final the conclusion on that subject; or 3. that
 some other grave reason existed which should convince us thit. to allow the natural
 consequences of the judgment to have their effect would conflict with thd duty which
 rests upon us not to disbar except upon the conviction that, under the principles of right
 and justice, we were constrained so to do.

   It is my view that the Ninth Circuit in its: brief opinion in In re Bogart,
supra, 
445 F.2d at 822
, implicitly asserted an inalienable obligation on
the part of the Service to exercise an independent judgment in suspension proceedings Similar to that required of federal courts. Thus the
hearing required by that decision was not a hearing simply to determine
                                          559
Interim Decision #2465
whether respondent has been suspended, but a hearing in which respondent might seek to discredit the state finding for lack of minimum
procedural fairness in the underlying process, see In re 
Ruffalo, supra,
or for absence of minimally sufficient evidentiary support, see Selling v.
Radford, supra;
 In re Wilkes, 
494 F.2d 472
 (C.A. 5, 1974); and in which
respondent might adduce some other "grave reason" which would prevent the natural consequences of the state judgment from extending
into the federal sphere, see Theard v. United 
States, supra.
 See generally In re Troy, 
505 F.2d 746
 (C.A. 1, 1975); In re 
Fleck, supra.
  The Board argues it is bound by 8 CFR 292.2(a)('7) which states that
the Board may suspend an attorney if such suspension is in the public
interest and that, if an attorney has been suspended by a state court, his
suspension from the bar of the Board "shall be deemed to be in the
public interest." Obviously, however, Departmental regulations cannot
contravene judicially established requirements of fairness, cf. In re
Ming, 
469 F.2d 1352, 1355
 (C.A. 7, 1972), and should not be interpreted
to do so where such interpretation is readily avoidable. While subsection
292.3(a)(7) does indicate that state suspension "shall be deemed"
grounds for Board suspension, suspension is nonetheless discretionary,
since the prologue of subsection 292.3(a) provides only that the Board
"may suspend" if the enumerated grounds exist. Moreover, subsection
292.3(b) provides: -
  Hand (sic) investigation establishes to the satisfaction of the regional commissioner that
  suspension or disbarment proceedings should be instituted, he shall cause a copy of the
  written charges to be served upon the attorney or representative, either personally or
  by registered mail, with notice to show cause within a specified time, not less than 30
  days, why he should not be suspended or disbarred.

Particularly in light of the discretionary character of subsection
292.3(a), the procedure established by subsection 292.3(b) must, in the
present context, prOvide the opportunity to do more than contest
whether the respondent's name appears upon a state suspension order.
It must include also the opportunity to show that the state order was
based upon an invalid procedure or patently inadequate evidence, or
that for some other grave reason the normal presumption established by
subsection 292.3(a)(7) should .not govern. Only in this manner can the
independent integrity of tbe federal administrative bar be maintained.
In sum, since B CFR 292.3(b) is meant to provide the opportunity to
establish the basis for informed exercise of the Board's discretion under
8 CFR 2924(a), including the existence of extraordinary factors, of the
sort described above ; overcoming the presumptive effect of state bar
suspension; and since respondent, in this ease, was denied the opportunity to present contentions and evidence going to alleged fundamental
procedural ink equacy of his state court suspension and alleged insub-
                                           560
                                                            Interim Decision #2465

stantiality of the evidence supporting it; the Suspension by the Board
must be reversed.
   The above does not mean that, should a new order to show cause be
issued, the Service must relitigate every issue raised by respondent in
both his criminal trial and his state suspension proceeding. If it concludes that minimum protedural due process was afforded in the hearing
of claims in these proceedings and that the evidence against respondent
was minimally sufficient, reliance on the state decision-making process -
is not improper. In re Chipley, 
448 F.2d 1234
 (C.A. 4, 1971). See In re:
Isserman, 
345 U.S. 286
 (1953) (Op. of Vinson, C.J.). Cf. Thistlethwaite
v. City of New York, 
497 F.2d 339
 (C.A. 2,1974); In re 
Ming, supra,
469
F.2d at 1356
. Indeed, the propriety of reliance is enhanced in the
present context by the fact that the Board of Immigration Appeals is not
a court of general jurisdiction, but the intended repository of a relatively narrow expertise. Relitigation before the Board of matters of
state or even constitutional law previously litigated before a state
supreme court thus seems particularly inappropriate. The state
decision-making process, then, both in its weighing of evidence in the
record and in its analysis of legal questions raised, may, if conducted in
accordance with procedural due process and not patently erroneous in
its result, be accepted and adopted by the Board in the course of a
suspension proceeding. Furthermore, if the opportunity to be heard on
certain claims existed in the state system and was ignored, the Board
may refuse to consider such claims.
   The litigation surrounding the question of Mr. Bogart's qualification
to practice before the Board and the Service (and other courts) has been
protracted and difficult. The standard for suspension from practice
before the Board and the Service, however, is the same as that for
disbarment before the federal courts:
      Disbarment being the very serious business that it is, ample opportunity must be
  afforded to show cause why an accused practitioner should not be disbarred. If the
  accusation rests on disbarment by a state court, such determination of course brings
  title deeds of high respect. But it is not conclusively binding on the federal courts. The
  recognition that must be accorded such a state judgment and the extent of the responsibility that remains in the federal judiciary were authoritatively expounded in Seitiny v.
 Radford.
Theard v. United States, supra, 
354 U.S. at 282
. That responsibility has
not been discharged. The decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals
is reversed and the cause remanded to the Board for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
                                BEFORE THE BOARD
                                  (January 21, 1976)
   In our decision dated June 12, 1975, we ordered the suspension of the
respondent as an attorney before the Service and this Board during such

                                           561
Interim Dec! sion #2465

time as he iE. prohibited from the practice of law in the courts of the
State of California. We further ordered that the record be certified to
the Attorney General for final disposition, and stayed the suspension
order pending such disposition.
  On January 15, 1976, the Attorney General reversed our order of
suspension and remanded this ease to us for further proceedings. Accordingly-, we shall remand the record to the Regional Commissioner for
further proceedings consistent with the Attorney General's opinion of
January 15, :1976.
  ORDER: The record is remanded for further proceedings in accordance with the above opinion.




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