IRANI

                                                            Interim Decision #2468




                                MATTER OF IRANI

                           In Visa Petition Proceedings

                                      A-21769965
                      Decided by Board February 4, 1976
(1) Prior to the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act of India which became effective
  December 21, 1956, the rule of Hindu law was that adoption by a woman of a son to
  herself was invalid and conferred no legal right upon the person adopted, and that a
  woman could adopt a child to her husband if she obtained his express consent during his
  lifetime. The woman's power to adopt could not be greater than the husband had in his
  own lifetime. The adoption of a son by a male Hindu was invalid if he had a son,
  grandson or great-grandson, natural or adopted, living at the time of the adoption.
(2)Petitioner has failed to sustain her burden of proving that the beneficiary qualifies for
  preference classification under section 203(a)(2) of the immigration and Nationality Act.
  as amended, as her adopted son, since she has not submitted evidence to establish that
  she complied• with the applicable provisions of Hindu law in effect at the time of the
  alleged adoption of beneficiary in Bombay, India, on December 1, 1964. Further, it
  appears that, even if petitioner !mold establish that she had the express consent of her
  husband to adopt beneficiary, the adoption would be invalid under Hindu law because
  she had a son living at the time of the adoption.
ON BEHALF OF PETITIONER: Brian J. Tucker, Esquire
                        1501 Broadway
                        New York, New York 10036


   The lawful permanent resident petitioner applied for preference classification for the beneficiary as heir unmarried adopted son under section
203(a)(2) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. In a decision dated
May 7, 1975, the district director denied that petition. The petitioner
has appealed. The appeal will be dismissed.
   The beneficiary is a 24-year-old male alien, native and citizen of India,
who is presently residing in the United States as a nonimmigrant
student. The petitioner is the sister of the beneficiary's father.
   The record contains two documents dated February 27, 1974, and
December 7, 1974, which purport to be declarations by Homai Irani, the
natural mother of the beneficiary. The beneficiary's natural mother
alleges in her "Declarations" that the beneficiary was born on December
20, 1951; that the petitioner adopted the beneficiary in Bombay, India,
on December 1, 1954; and that the petitioner provided for the welfare
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Interim Decision #2468

and education of the beneficiary since that date of his adoption. The
record indicates that the petitioner was married at the time of the
alleged adoption, is presently married, and has one living male child of
her own, who was born on September 3, 1944.
   In the last paragraph of the brief in support of the petitioner's appeal,
counsel contends that the district director "refused to consider the
primary evidence of the adoption decree". We note that the record does
not contain a document purporting to be an adoption decree.
   In visa petition proceedings, the burden of establishing the claimed
relationship is upon the petitioner. Matter of Brantigan, 

 (BIA 1966). In order for the petitioner to establish that the beneficiary is her adopted son, she must show that the beneficiary had
qualified as an adopted "child" as that term is defined in section 101-
(b)(1)(E) of the Act. Matter of Ng, 

 (BIA 1972).
Section 101(b)(1)(E) includes:
  a child adopted while under the age of fourteen years if the child has thereafter been in
  the legal custody of, and has resided with the adopting parent or parents for at least two
  years...
   Inasmuch as the adoption allegedly was accomplished in India, we
must look to the provisions of the Hindu law which were in effect at the
time of the alleged adoption. Inquiry was directed to the Library of
Congress to ascertain whether the beneficiary had any status under
Hindu law as an adopted child. A memorandum of law prepared by the
Library of Congress dated January, 1976 is attached hereto and made
a part hereof. According to the information furnished by the Library of
Congress, the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act became effective
on December 21, 1956. Prior to the adoption of that Act, the rule of
Hindu law was that adoption by a woman of a son to herself was invalid
and conferred no legal right upon the person adopted; and that a woman
could adopt a child to her husband if she obtained his express consent
during his lifetime. The report of the Library of Congress also indicates
that prior to the enactment of the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance
Act of 1956, the adoption of a son by a male Hindu was invalid if he had a
son, grandson or great-grandson, natural or adopted, living at the time
of the adoption.
   The petitioner has not submitted evidence to establish that she complied with the provisions of the Hindu law which were in effect at the
time of the alleged adoption. Apart from the uncorroborated "declaration" of the beneficiary's natural mother, Homai Irani, no other evidence
has been submitted by the petitioner to support the claimed relationship. Further, we note that in the petitioner's application for status as
   Prepared by Itrishan S. Nellie, Senior Legal Specialist, American-British Law Divi
sion, Law Library, Library of Congress.

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permanent resident filed October 19, 1972, she listed a male child,
Ardesher Irani, born on September 3, 1944 as one of her own children.
In light of this fact, it appears that even if the petitioner could establish
that she had the express consent of her husband during his lifetime to
adopt the beneficiary, the adoption would be invalid under Hindu law
because she had a son living at the time of the adoption.
  Therefore, we conclude that on the basis of this record, the petitioner
has failed to sustain her burden of proving that the beneficiary qualifies
as her adopted son under section 203(a)(2) of the Act. The following
order will be entered.
  ORDER: The appeal is dismissed.
                                       APPENDIX

                                           India

   Before the commencement of the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance
Act, 1956, No. 78, on December 21, 1956, the general rule of Hindu law
relating to adoption was that every male Hindu of the ,a.ge of discretion
could take a son in adoption provided he was of sound mind and had no
son, grandson or great-grandson, natural or adopted, living at the time
of adoption. 1
   A woman could only adopt "to her husband." 2 A wife could not adopt
in her husband's lifetime without his express consent. 3 After his death,
she could adopt a son if the husband had so authorized her However,
the woman's power to adopt could not be greater than the husband had
in his own lifetime. 4 Thus, the existence of a son, natural or adopted,
was a bar to an adoption by a woman also.
   In the present case, the adoption made in 1954 of a son by a woman,
who had a son living since 1944, would appear to be invalid, and the
following statements are, therefore, correct:
  (1) Adoption by a woman of a son to herself was invalid and conferred no legal right upon
    the peison adopted; and
  (2) A woman could adopt a child to her husband if she obtained his express consent
    during his life time.

Prepared by
Krishan S. Nehra
Senior Legal Specialist
American-British Law Division
Law Library, Library of Congress
January 1976

  1W. Stokes, Hindu Law Books 531 534 (1865).
                                       -


  2Puttulal v. Parbati Kunwar, 37 Indian L.R. Allahabad Ser. 359 (P.C. 1915); Narendra
Nath Bairagi v. Dina Nath Das, 37 Indian L.R. Calcutta Ser. 224 (1909).
  a Narayan Babaji v. Nana Manobar, 7 Bombay II. Ct. R. 155 (1570) .
      IL Srinivasan, I Principles of Hindu Law 187 (4th ed. 1969).

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