¶1delivered the opinion of the court.
¶2George W. Owen was indicted by the grand jury at the September *507term, 1850, of the circuit court within and for the county of Laclede, for selling intoxicating liquor in a less quantity than one quart without license.
¶3The defendant appeared at the March term, 1851, of said circuit court and moved the court to quash the indictment. This motion was overruled. He then plead guilty; the court assessed his fine to twenty dollars and rendered judgment therefor.
¶4The defendant then moved the court in arrest of the judgment, which motion was overruled, excepted to, and bill of exceptions filed. The defendant prayed an appeal .to the supreme court, which was allowed him, and he brings the case now here for the consideration of this court.
¶5The question involves the sufficiency of the indictment. The indictment charges that “George W. Owen, late of the county of Laclede, on &c., at &c., with force and arms did sell to a person to the jurors unknown intoxicating liquor in a less quantity than one quart, to wit: one pint of whisky at and for the price and sum of five cents, without having a dam-shop license, or tavern license, or grocer’s license, or merchant’s license, or any other kind of license, continuing in force during any of that time authorising him so to sell, to wit: on the day and year aforesaid, at the county aforesaid, contrary, &c.
¶6Is it an offence by our laws for any person to sell intoxicating liquor in a less quantity than one quart without a license authorising such sale? If it is then this indictment is good.
¶7The 1st section of the act concerning Inns and Taverns, Digest 1845, declares that “hereafter no person within this State shall, without a tavern license continuing in force, dii’ectly or indirectly, sell, barter or deliver, or knowingly permit to he sold, bartered or delivered for, or on his or her account, any wine ox spiritous liquors by less quantity than one quart, &c.”
¶8The 1-st section of the act concerning groceries and dramshops, Digest 1845, declares, “that no person shall directly or indirectly, sell intoxicating liquors, without taking out a license as a grocer or dramshopkeeper.”
¶9By this last act, a grocer, being licensed, is permitted to sell intoxicating liquors in any quantity not less than a quart. No grocer, by this act, can sell any quantity less than a quart, nor shall he permit any intoxicating liquors, sold by him, to be drank at his grocery, or any place under his control.
¶10A dramshop-keeper is a person permitted by law, being licensed according to the provisions of said aot, to sell intoxicating liquors in any quantity less than a quart.
¶11*508The same person may obtain license as a grocer, and also license as a dramshop-keeper, and carry on the business of both at the same time. By this statute, the grocer could not sell under a quart, nor the dram-shop-keeper over a quart.
¶12In 1846-7, the legislature declared by statute, amendatory to the act to regulate Inns and Taverns, approved March 18th, 1835, and which, was adopted in the Digest of 1845, the first section of which I have quoted above in this opinion, that “no person, by virtue of any tavern license, shall be authorised to sell intoxicating liquors in any quantity less than one quart, nor in any quantity to be drank at the place of sede; but the county court of the proper county may grant to any tavern keeper a license to keep a dramshop, upon such applicant paying, the tax and complying with the provisions of the law concerning dramshops. See acts of-sessioij, 1846-7, page 59. This last act was repealed.in 1849. See acts 1849, page 56.
¶13In 1848-9, the legislature amended the act concerning Inns and Taverns, in regard to the amount of tax for the license, and repealed the 7th and 8th sections of the law of 1845 on the same subject, but made no change in regard to the quantity nor necessity of license.
¶14In 1849 the legislature passed an act amendatory of the act concerning groceries and dramshops, by which they declared, “that hereafter any dramshop-keeper shall be permitted to sell intoxicating liquors, in any quantity not exceeding ten gallons at any one time.” This last mentioned statute altered the grocers and dramshop-keepers act of 1845 so far as to permit the dramshop-keepers to sell under his license any quantity not exceeding ten gallons, but he must still have a license in order to sell as a dramshop-keeper. The grocer’s law remains, so far as respects the quantity permitted to be sold, the same as it was in 1845. The dramshop-keeper is now permitted to sell any quantity, not exceeding ten gallons, under his dramshop license; before he could not sell any quantity over a quart under his dramshop license.
¶15From this general outline of our statutory law upon this subject, it is plainly to be seen, that a license is still necessary in order to carry on the business of a grocer, dramshop-keeper, or a tavern-keeper. A license is necessary to be obtained by any person who wishes to sell intoxicating liquors in a less quantity than one quart.
¶16The indictment in this case, negatives the idea, that the defendant had any license of any kind authorizing him to sell intoxicating liquor in a less quantity than a quart. It avers that be did sell in a less quantity, namely one pint; that he had no license authorizing such sale. I am of the opinion the indictment is snfficient, and that the court below *509committed no error in overruling the motions to quash the indictment, or in arrest of judgment.
¶17The objection about the unconstitutionality of the statute requiring such license, before a person is permitted to sell intoxicating liquors, could not have been seriously made. We shall pass it by as unworthy of any further observation.
¶18I have looked carefully into the other reasons assigned to arrest the judgment, and find them untenable} and the other judges concurring, the judgment below is affirmed.