15 Va. App. 533 - Beckner v. Commonwealth’s Empirical Analysis
1993
Citation profile
37 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 37 later decisions — most recently March 2018 · most notably Jackson v. Commonwealth (2004), 16 Va. App. 135 - Bulatko v. Commonwealth (1993)
37 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Florida v. Royer · Adams v. Williams · Alabama v. White · 4 Va. App. 53 - Williams v. Commonwealth
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 37 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“If a hunch is not enough for a police officer to effectuate a stop, it follows that the hunch of an unnamed informant, albeit an informant with some indicia of personal reliability, is also not sufficient. The fact that the informant’s hunch is conveyed to the police officer does not raise the hunch to the level of reasonable suspicion. “Manifestly, this conduct falls below activity necessary to justify a reasonable suspicion that a violation of law had occurred or was occurring.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“information supplied to the government by an unidentified informant may not establish reasonable suspicion to effect an investigative stop, unless the information predicts the future actions of the.individual stopped.” Beckner, 15 Va.App. at 535 , 425 S.E.2d at 531 . Our response was unequivocal:”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“Rifle informant must provide some basis for his knowledge [of the facts he reported] before the police officer relies upon it as being reliable enough to support an investigatory stop.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.