State v. Bay’s Empirical Analysis
1986
Citation profile
40 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 42 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 2013 · most notably Clark v. Arizona (2006), 49 Ohio App. 3d 27 - State v. Reynolds (1988)
40 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on State v. Celaya · State v. McMurtrey · State v. Fletcher · State v. Steelman · State v. Coey
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 42 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The general rule is that a lay witness, if competent, may testify to relevant evidence. See Rules 402, 601, 602, 701, Ariz.Rules of Evidence, 17A A.R.S. In Arizona lay testimony has long been admissible in criminal trials on the issue of sanity. See State v. Sanchez, 117 Ariz. 369, 373 , 573 P.2d 60, 64 (1977); State v. Coey, 82 Ariz. 133, 139 , 309 P.2d 260, 264 (1957); M. Udall & J. Livermore, supra § 21 at 26; Wharton’s Criminal Evidence § 609 at 175 (13th ed. 1973). Foundationally, a lay witness must have had an opportunity to observe the past conduct and history of a defendant, State v. Coey, 82 Ariz. at 139 , 309 P.2d at 264 ; the fact that he is a lay witness goes not to the admissibility of the testimony but rather to its weight. Id. If lay testimony is admitted, logically, a jury is free to accept it as a basis for its verdict. State v. Overton, 114 Ariz. 553 , 562 P.2d 726 (1977). This is so even if there is conflicting medical testimony on the issue. Id.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Zmich“If acting recklessly suffices to establish an element [of an offense], that element is also established if a person acts intentionally or knowingly.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Hurley“Ordinarily, a ruling of a trial court excluding evidence cannot be reviewed on appeal in the absence of an offer of proof....”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Williams
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.