Cadwalader v. Zeh’s Empirical Analysis
151 U.S. 171 · 1894
Citation profile
16 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 100 later decisions (16 by the Supreme Court) — most recently November 2006 · most notably United States v. Stone & Downer Co. (1927), Hoffman v. Palmer (1942)
16 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Nelson Elliott v. Samuel Swartwout · American Net & Twine Co. v. Worthington · Nix v. Hedden · Maillard v. Lawrence
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 100 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“* * * It has long been a settled rule of interpretation of the statutes imposing duties on imports, that if words used therein to designate particular kinds or classes of goods have a well known signification in our trade and commerce, different from their ordinary meaning among the people, the commercial meaning is to prevail, unless Congress has clearly manifested a contrary intention; and that it is only when no commercial meaning is called for or proved, that the common meaning of the words is to be adopted.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““If the whole testimony in the case enabled the jury to determine whether the articles in question were commercially known as toys, their commercial designation by those carrying on the business of dealing in them was a safer test, and more in accord with the apparent intent of congress, and with the rule of construction judicially established in similar cases, than to leave the question, whether ‘toys’ or ‘earthenware’ was the fitter name for these articles, to be decided by the opinion of jurors based upon their personal knowledge or experience.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“china, porcelain, parían, and bisque; earthen, stone, and crockery ware, including plaques, ornaments, charms, vases, 'and statuettes, painted, printed, or gilded, or otherwise decorated or ornamented in any manner, sixty per centum ad valorem.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Maddock v. Magone
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.