Lightfoot v. State’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

7 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 8 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “under the Sixth Amendment, any fact (other than a prior conviction) that exposes a defendant to a sentence in excess of the relevant statutory maximum must be found by a jury, not a judge [ 1 ] , and must be established beyond a reasonable doubt, not merely by a preponderance of the evidence.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. R.V.D. v. State · R.V.D. v. State

2. “for life or not more than 99 years or less than 10 years.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. R.V.D. v. State · R.V.D. v. State

3. “a fact increasing either end of the sentencing range (the minimum or the maximum) produces a new penalty, constitutes an element of the offense, and must be found by the jury, regardless of what sentence the defendant might have received had a different range been applicable.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Hall v. State