Armstrong v. Dwyer’s Empirical Analysis
155 F.3d 211 · 1998
Citation profile
7 federal appellate · 1 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 27 later decisions — most recently March 2018 · most notably In Re: Cendant Corporation Securities Litigation Ernst & Young Llp (2003), Public Citizen, Inc. v. U.S. Department of Health (2003)
7 federal appellate · 1 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Bertoli · American Hospital Ass'n v. Bowen · Berger v. Edgewater Steel Co. · Merritt Logan, Inc. v. Fleming Companies, Inc. · Doe v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 27 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The fourth element, whether K.R. was denied the benefits of or subject to discrimination solely by reason of her disability is at issue.... [T]he phrase “denied the benefits of’ means that the program or activity which receives Federal financial assistance may not directly or through contractual licensing or other arrangements, on the basis of a handicap, deny a qualified, handicapped person the opportunity to participate in or benefit from the aid, benefit, or service. The Rileys must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that K.R. was excluded from participation in, denied the benefits of, or subjected to discrimination in a school program by reason of her disability.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“The bar against discovery [of peer review-related documents] runs with the documents or information, not with the organization or individuals who happen to possess the documents or information at any given time.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“The only limitation [on this discretion] is that the questions asked of the jury be adequate to determine the factual issues essential to the judgment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.