Murray v. White’s Empirical Analysis
1991
Citation profile
4 federal appellate · 12 district · 50 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 73 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2017 · most notably Johnson v. Fankell (1997), Wilkinson v. Russell (1999)
4 federal appellate · 12 district · 50 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Cohen v. Beneficial Industrial Loan Corp. · Mitchell v. Forsyth
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 73 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[g]ood faith exists where an official’s acts did not violate clearly established rights of which the official reasonably should have known. This good faith inquiry does not ask whether plaintiffs rights were violated, but rather whether the official reasonably should have known that what she was doing violated plaintiffs rights.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“[defendant should not have reasonably known that she was obligated to investigate any further than she did. In addition, defendant should not have reasonably known that the manner of her investigation violated plaintiffs rights.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“Qualified immunity . . . protects lower-level officers, employees and agents '(1) acting during their employment and acting, or reasonably believing they are acting, within the scope of their authority; (2) acting in good faith; and (3) performing discretionary, as opposed to ministerial acts.' . . . 'Good faith exists where an official's acts did not violate clearly established rights of which the official reasonably should have known.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Wilkinson v. Russell
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.