State v. Tocco’s Empirical Analysis
1988
Citation profile
2 district · 75 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 77 later decisions — most recently May 2020 · most notably Zamora v. Reinstein (1996), Arizona Department of Public Safety v. Superior Court (1997)
2 district · 75 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 848 (§ 408 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Broadrick v. Oklahoma · Grayned v. City of Rockford · Kolender v. Lawson · Parker v. Levy · Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 77 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A defendant whose conduct is clearly proscribed by the core of the statute has no standing to attack the statute. “One to whose conduct a statute clearly applies may not successfully challenge it for vagueness.” Parker v. Levy, 417 U.S. 733, 756 [ 94 S.Ct. 2547, 2562 , 41 L.Ed.2d 439 ] (1974). See also Broadrick v. Oklahoma, 413 U.S. 601, 610 [ 93 S.Ct. 2908, 2914-15 , 37 L.Ed.2d 830 ] (1973).”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. McLamb“We are charged with the responsibility of giving a statute a constitutional construction whenever possible. Nor is it our responsibility to declare invalid for vagueness every statute which we believe could have been drafted with greater precision.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“a strong presumption supporting the constitutionality of any legislative enactment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Reed
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.