Rodriguez v. City of Chicago’s Empirical Analysis
156 F.3d 771 · 1998
Citation profile
22 federal appellate · 4 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 44 later decisions — most recently November 2024 · most notably Parkins v. Civil Constructors of Illinois, Inc. (1998), Bordelon v. Chicago School Reform Board of Trustees (2000)
22 federal appellate · 4 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on City of Boerne v. Flores · Cities of Charlottesville v. Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of Columbia Gas Transmission Corp. · United States v. Seeger · Welsh II v. United States · Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Hardison
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 44 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Law-enforcement agencies need the cooperation of all members. Even if it proves possible to swap assignments on one occasion, another may arise when personnel are not available to cover selective objectors, or when ... seniority systems or limits on overtime curtail the options for shuffling personnel. Beyond all of this is the need to hold police officers to their promise to enforce the law without favoritism-as judges take an oath to enforce all laws, without regard to their (or the litigants') social, political, or religious beliefs. Firefight ers must extinguish all fires, even those in places of worship that the firefighter regards as heretical. Just so with police. 'The public knows that its protectors have a private agenda; everyone does. But it would like to think that they leave that agenda at home when they are on duty-that Jewish policemen protect neo-Nazi demonstrators, [and] that Roman Catholic policemen protect abortion clinics.... We judges certainly want to think that U.S. Marshals protect us from assaults and threats without regard to whether, for example, we vote for or against the pro-life position in abortion cases.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“the issue of whether the [employer] has satisfied its duty of reasonable accommodation”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“A reasonable accommodation of an employee's religion is one that 'eliminates the conflict between employment requirements and religious practices.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.