¶1The object of the statute would seem to be to protect the public from the imposition liable to be practised upon it by itinerant vendors who are not hawkers or pedlers because hiring, leasing, or occupying a building for their business, but who sell temporarily or transiently in one place, or in travelling from place to place, goods, wares, or merchandise, and who might naturally be supposed to be free, to some extent at least, from the restraints and influences inducing fair and honest dealing which apply to persons established permanently in trade in a given locality. The statute applies to residents and non-residents, and is not, as we construe it, designed or calculated to-prevent fair and free competition, but only to protect the public against fraud, and to place the traffic under what the Legislature, having regard to the character of the business, deems wholesome restraints. It comes within what is termed the police power, and stands on the same ground as the acts relating to hawkers and pedlers, auctioneers, pawnbrokers, and others, of which there are numerous examples. Commonwealth v. Blackington, 24 Pick. 352. Commonwealth v. Ober, 12 Cush. 493. Fisher v. McGirr, 1 Gray, 1, 27. Blair v. Forehand, 100 Mass. 136. Cooley, Const. Lim. 596.
¶2*217A party may be engaged in selling temporarily or transiently in one city or town, while having a permanent place of business in another. So far as he is engaged in selling temporarily or transiently, he comes within the prohibition of the statute, without any regard to the fact that he is also carrying on an established and permanent business elsewhere. Whether his whole business is selling temporarily or transiently, or whether he does it more or less frequently in connection with a permanent business at a fixed place or places, does not matter. He comes in either case within the statute.
¶3The defendant does not, in the present instance, come within either of the exceptions named in the act, and although he was doing business as the agent of one Miller, that fact does not help him, as the statute expressly provides that a party doing business as agent for another shall be liable. A majority of the court think the entry must be, Judgment on the verdict.