United States v. Ingle’s Empirical Analysis
157 F.3d 1147 · 1998
Citation profile
16 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 28 later decisions — most recently August 2022 · most notably United States of America v. Frank McCaster. (1999), United States v. Plumley (2000)
16 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1111 · 18 U.S.C. § 3006A (Criminal Justice Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 3501
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Arizona v. Fulminante · Colorado v. Connelly · Massiah v. United States · Kirby v. Illinois
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 28 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The Sixth Amendment is . . . inapplicable to a grand jury witness, because he has not yet become an `accused.' "). Hayes was in this very position; he was the target of a grand jury investigation during the time in question, but had not yet been the subject of a formal charge, preliminary hearing, indictment, information or arraignment. Under these circumstances, the Sixth Amendment right to counsel did not apply. 36 In sum, the Supreme Court, this court, and every other circuit to consider a similar issue has adhered to the rule that adversary judicial proceedings are initiated "by way of formal charge, preliminary hearing, indictment, information, or arraignment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“the government has committed itself to prosecute, and . . . defendant finds himself faced with the prosecutorial forces of organized society, and immersed in the intricacies of substantive and procedural criminal law.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“no charges had been filed on the subject of the interrogation,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.