Birdsall v. Smith’s Empirical Analysis
1909
Citation profile
3 federal appellate · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 14 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2019
3 federal appellate · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Hamilton v. Smith · LeClear v. Perkins · Rogers v. Olds · Spalding v. Lowe · Rankin v. Crane
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 14 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[e]very statute should be considered valid until there is a judicial determination to the contrary, and these defendants had a right to act upon such assumption”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“shown to know that such [statute] was unconstitutional and would be declared so.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Pinsky v. Duncan
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.