16 Cal. 3d 242 - People v. Scott’s Empirical Analysis
1976
Citation profile
61 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 61 later decisions — most recently December 2011 · most notably 10 Cal. 4th 764 - People v. Stanley (1995), 24 Cal. 3d 638 - People v. Bower (1979)
61 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics · Mapp v. Ohio · Chimel v. California · United States v. Calandra
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 61 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The dilemma ... is not insoluble. We are required to accommodate the state’s interest in the safety of police officers who volunteer to give rides not required by their duty, and the individual’s right to be secure from unreasonable invasions of privacy. In our view the simple expedient of a warning and option will at once preserve both laudatory objectives. Accordingly, in order for a pat-down search to be valid under these or similar circumstances the officer must first inform the individual that he has a right to refuse the ride but if he accepts it he will be subjected to a pat-down search for weapons. Such a brief admonition will protect both the officer’s safety and the individual’s right to decide for himself whether he is willing to undergo a pat-down search in order to obtain the offered assistance of the police.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“The general protective duties of police are a vital part of police activity, and there has been increasing emphasis on the need for expansion of the police role beyond that of mere apprehension and arrest of criminal suspects.... Recognition of the protective role to be played by the police has been extended by the American Bar Association in the ABA Standards Relating to the Administration of Criminal Justice, Compilation (1974), outlining the `Major Current Responsibilities of Police': `... [M]ost police agencies are currently given responsibility, by design or default: ... (iii) to aid individuals who are in danger of physical harm: ... (v) to facilitate the movement of people and vehicles; (vi) to assist those who cannot care for themselves; ... and (xi) to provide other services on an emergency basis.' [Citations.]”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“a police officer who proposes to give a private citizen a lift in his patrol car can lawfully subject him to a nonconsensual pat-down search for weapons when the individual is not under arrest and the officer has no duty to transport him and no reason to believe he is armed and dangerous.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.