16 Cal. 3d 539 - People v. Steger’s Empirical Analysis
1976
Citation profile
8 federal appellate · 233 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 244 later decisions — most recently June 2019 · most notably 23 Cal. 3d 412 - People v. Pope (1979), 27 Cal. 3d 303 - People v. Thompson (1980)
8 federal appellate · 233 state decisions — followed in 15 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Bruton v. United States · People v. Ibarra · Nelson v. O'NEIL · Securities Investor Protection Corp. v. Barbour
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 244 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[M]urder by means of torture under section 189 is murder committed with a wil[l]ful, deliberate, and premeditated intent to inflict extreme and prolonged pain.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“"All murder which is perpetrated by means of a destructive device or explosive, a weapon of mass destruction, knowing use of ammunition designed primarily to penetrate metal or armor, poison, lying in wait, torture, or by any other kind of willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing, or which is committed in the perpetration of, or attempt to perpetrate, arson, rape, carjacking, robbery, burglary, mayhem, kidnapping, train wrecking, or any act punishable under Section 206, 286, 288, 288a, or 289, or any murder which is perpetrated by means of discharging a firearm from a motor vehicle, intentionally at another person outside of the vehicle with the intent to inflict death, is murder of the first degree. All other kinds of murders are of the second degree." (Italics added.)”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“beatings were a misguided, irrational and totally unjustifiable attempt at discipline; but they were not in a criminal sense wilful, deliberate, or premeditated.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.