United States v. Kozinski’s Empirical Analysis
16 F.3d 795 · 1994
Citation profile
146 federal appellate · 1 district · 11 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 207 later decisions — most recently February 2026 · most notably United States v. Perez (2002), United States v. Gibbs (1999)
146 federal appellate · 1 district · 11 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 841 (Amendments of 1973 to Federal Law) · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 843 (§ 403 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Strickland v. Washington · Brady v. State of Maryland · Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · Schneckloth v. Bustamonte · United States v. Bagley
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 207 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“age, education, and intelligence of the defendant; advisement of his rights; how long he was detained prior to the consent; repeated requests for consent; physical coercion; and whether he was in custody.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“contradict for the sake of contradiction....”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Any argument that the trial judge [in a bench trial] should have disbelieved a certain witness is 'doomed at the outset.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.