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← 16 F.4th 1121 - Hotze v. Hudspeth

Hotze v. Hudspeth’s Empirical Analysis

2021

Citation profile

3
cited by 3 later decisions
January 2026
most recently cited

Relationships

Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))

Relies on Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife · Friends of the Earth Incorporateds v. Laidlaw Environmental Services Inc · Arizonans for Official English v. Arizona · Schlesinger v. Reservists Committee to Stop the War · Marco Defunis et al. v. Charles Odegaard, President of the University of Washington.

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 3 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

  1. “far too generalized to warrant standing.”
    1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority

How this case has been treated — in progress

Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.