¶1Indictment for rape. Trial, and conviction. It is averred that errors intervened: 1. In refusing a continuance. 2. In permitting James M. Flagg, an attorney, to assist at the trial, in the prosecution.
¶2The affidavit of the defendant stated that he was informed, and believed the fact to be true, that the prosecutrix was one of the keepers of a house of prostitution, in which another female was kept, who, for money, had illicit intercourse with one, Reed; that a part of said money was received by said prosecutrix, with full knowledge, «fee.; that Reed was in Kansas ; that he could prove said facts by him, but that he knew of no other person by whom he could prove them. Was the affidavit sufficient ? -
¶3It will be observed, that it is not directly charged that the prosecutrix was of ill fame; but it was proposed to continue to obtain evidence of specific facts, from the proof of which it might be inferred that she was such; that is, that she had received the price of illicit commerce, thereby overlooking the injunction, that the “ price of a dog, and the hire of a whore, are an abomination in the sight of the Lord.” - Deut. 23: 18.
¶4The evidence of a particular act of immorality is not admissible to impeach a witness, or affect his general character. Long v. Morrison, 14 Ind. 598; Shattuck v. Myers, 13 Ind. 51. The evidence here desired, could only be offered to show that there was not the utmost reluctance and resistance upon *394the part of the prosecutrix. The evidence is not in the record; and we can not, therefore, say that the Court erred. It is true, the evidence was not before the Court upon the ruling, in the first instance, but in a doubtful case we must presume that the Court had in view the evidence produced, and that proposed, in considering the previous rulings on an application for a new trial. '
¶5As to the second point: the defendant objected to Flagg’s assisting in the prosecution, and filed his affidavit, stating, in substance, that he “ had employed Flagg to defend him against said charge, executed to him his notes for $250, and disclosed, to him the facts in the case, and the evidence for his defense; ” that after the return of the indictment, Flagg had informed him that he would not act further as his attorney, and had delivered up his notes.
¶6Flagg stated, by affidavit, that he had been desired by defendant to act as his counsel, who stated to affiant that the prosecuting witness and her husband did not desire his services, and on that ground he consented to act; but having subsequently learned that said persons had desired, and did then desire, his services, and had sent word to him to that effect, he declined to act for defendant, “ and returned to him the notes he had received from him for services; that he has received no compensation from defendant, and has not, to his knowledge, learned any thing from defendant as to his grounds, or means, of defense.”
¶7The objection of defendant was overruled, and Mr. Flagg was permitted to assist in the prosecution; .examining the’ witnesses, arguing to the jury, and acting as attorney from the commencement to the close of the trial.
¶8Was this ruling of the Court proper ? See the authorities referred to in 1 Monell’s Practice, p. 182, upon the right of an attorney in a given case, when changed, to appear for the opposite party. Also, 1 Ferg. Pr. 37, 38; Graham’s Pr. 49; 1 Chitty’s Arch. 56, 7th Ed.
¶9The Attorney General, in his brief, says: “ Whether for this error the judgment should be reversed, or not, I will not inquire, but, in any event, I hope the Court will make this case the occasion of administering to Mr. Flagg a rebuke, *395which will serve as a salutary lesson to him and others, including the judge who permitted him to engage in the prosecution, with a full knowledge of the facts.”
¶10It is not our province, in our opinions, required by the Constitution, to administer a rebuke to any one, intended as such. We are only called upon to pronounce the law, as we conceive it to be. In searching for the reason upon which a conclusion rests, we are often led to consider the results which might flow from the maintenance of an adverse conclusion. For instance, in the case at bar, if the ruling of the Court below, and the conduct of Mr. Flagg as an attorney and officer of that Court, should be sanctioned as legal, we are constrained to believe, that the positive tendency of such ruling would be to defeat the very purpose for which the Court was organized, namely, the administration of justice; and if indulged and continued in Courts, and the officers thereof, will necessarily result in sapping the foundations of the temple of justice. With what confidence could one, arraigned upon a charge of crime, confer, with his attorney, or reveal to him his evidence, and thereby prepare for his defense, if that officer is permitted, after thus acquiring such knowledge, to change their relative positions, and instead of standing up as his defender, to stand forth as his accuser. Would he not consider it better to stand mute, dumb, as the sheep before the shearer, rather than disclose the evidence which might thus be turned against him ? He might perhaps, truthfully, believe it more to his interest to return to the practice of a semi-barbarous age, when the prisoner was not heard in his defense by counsel, or witnesses in his behalf, than thus to have the weapons of his defense turned against him, by those in whom, by the acknowledged 'law and the statute, he had a right to confide.
¶11It will be observed, that Mr. Flagg does not negative the defendant’s statement that he had disclosed to him the “ facts and evidence in his defense;” but states that he had not learned any thing from defendant, as to his “grounds or means of defense.” We cannot see how he could know, in advance of the trial, that the facts and evidence in favor of the defense, if disclosed to him, could not be made avail-1 *396able by him, in some one of tbe phases the defense might assume, either in shaping questions or producing witnesses. If the defendant had not disclosed the facts and evidence in the case, why did not Mr. Flagg so state? He was certainly _ i • i y* • attempting to place InmseJr m a position that should have called forth the utmost precision, in showing that he had not acquired from the defendant any information which he might use to his detriment.
¶12"We have not thought it necessary, under the circumstances disclosed in this case, to say any thing on the question whether a defendant, by a contract of employment, acquires a right to the services of an attorney which the latter can not voluntarily refuse to perform, against the will of his employer.
¶13The judgment is reversed; and the clerk is directed to issue an order to the keeper of the State Prison, to return the appellant to the custody of the sheriff of Lagrange county.