Young v. County of Fulton’s Empirical Analysis
160 F.3d 899 · 1998
Citation profile
72 federal appellate · 8 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 222 later decisions — most recently September 2017 · most notably Tenenbaum v. Williams (1999), Timothy Johnson Sr Luaine Sims Tj v. Newburgh Enlarged School District (2001)
72 federal appellate · 8 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · City of Canton v. Harris
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 222 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) that `a policymaker of the municipality knows to a moral certainty that its employees will confront a given situation'; (2) that `the situation either presents the employee with a difficult choice of the sort that training or supervision will make less difficult or that there is a history of employees mishandling the situation'; and (3) that `the wrong choice by the employee will frequently cause the deprivation of a citizen's constitutional rights.'”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he question is not what a lawyer would learn or intuit from researching case law, but what a reasonable person in the defendant's position should know about the constitutionality of the conduct.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“A government agent enjoys qualified immunity when he or she performs discretionary functions if either (1) the conduct did not violate clearly established rights of which a reasonable person would have known, or (2) it was objectively reasonable to believe that the conduct did not violate clearly established rights. A right is clearly established if the contours of the right are sufficiently clear that a reasonable official would understand that what he or she is doing violates that right. The question is not what a lawyer would learn or intuit from researching case law, but what a reasonable person in the defendant’s position should know about the constitutionality of the conduct. The unlawfulness must be apparent.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.