Howard v. Swagart’s Empirical Analysis
161 F.2d 651 · 1947
Citation profile
41 federal appellate · 4 district · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 58 later decisions — most recently December 2008 · most notably Hitaffer v. Argonne Co. (1950), Harrison Richardson v. Thomas E. Gregory (1960)
41 federal appellate · 4 district · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Montgomery Ward & Co. v. Duncan · Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railway Company v. Kellogg · Ross v. Hartman · Shewmaker v. Capital Transit Co. · Frank Munsey v. Wesley Webb T
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 58 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““ * * * Dealing with the causation aspect first, this court has defined the proximate cause of an injury to be ‘that cause which, in natural and continual sequence, unbroken by any efficient intervening cause, produces the injury and without which the result would not have occurred.’ S. S. Kresge Co. v. Kenney [ 66 App.D.C. 274 , 86 F.2d 651 (1936)].””
3 later decisions quote this exact passage““[W]e hold that, in this jurisdiction, leaving a car unlocked in a private parking-lot garage does not constitute negligence. It is common knowledge that the standard custom and practice of private parking-lot garages is to require the leaving of the key in the ignition switch of cars parked on the premises.” Id. at 655 .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“without an independent investigation as to his reliability constitutes negligent action in view of the fact that he was taken upon the recommendation of the United States Employment Service.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.