Ledger v. Tippitt’s Empirical Analysis
1985
Citation profile
2 district · 29 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 34 later decisions — most recently August 2017 · most notably 6 Cal. 4th 965 - Potter v. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. (1993), 54 Cal. 3d 868 - Christensen v. Superior Court (1991)
2 district · 29 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Santosky v. Kramer · Connally v. General Construction Co. · Addington v. Texas · Eisenstadt v. Baird · Dillon v. Legg
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 34 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Emotional distress to a spouse or a parent witnessing an injury to spouse or child meets the Dillon test because it is reasonably foreseeable that a person standing in such close relationship to the injured person may be present and suffer intense distress. No reported decision extends the ‘close relationship’ guideline to include friends or housemates ... To allow persons standing in a ‘meaningful relationship’ (to use a contemporary colloquialism) to recover for emotional distress resulting in physical injury would abandon the Dillon requirement that ‘[t]he courts ... mark out the areas of liability, excluding the remote and unexpected.’”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“The concept of consortium includes not only loss of support or services; it also embraces such elements as love, companionship, comfort, affection, society, sexual relations, the moral support each spouse gives the other through the triumph and despair of life, and the deprivation of a spouse's physical assistance in operating and maintaining the family home. [Citations.]”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“One who by extreme and outrageous conduct intentionally or recklessly causes severe emotional distress to another is subject to liability for such emotional distress....”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.