United States v. Roach’s Empirical Analysis
164 F.3d 403 · 1998
Citation profile
70 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 99 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2023 · most notably United States v. Beckman (2000), United States v. Zimmer (2002)
70 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Bourjaily v. United States · Parke v. Raley · Tanner v. United States · Williamson v. United States · Jusino v. Brown
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 99 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The court may make a specific numeric determination of quantity based on imprecise evidence ... so long as the record reflects a basis for the court's decision.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[t]he trial court is entitled to estimate drug quantities where the amount actually seized fails to represent the scale of the offense if the preponderance of the evidence supports the quantities. The court may make a specific numeric determination of quantity based upon imprecise evidence, so long as the record reflects a basis for the court’s decision.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“(1) that a conspiracy existed; (2) that the defendant and the declarant were members of the conspiracy; and (3) that the declaration was made during the course and in furtherance of the conspiracy.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.