Public-domain · open source
OpenJurist

166 Ala. 255

Pollak v. Winter

Supreme Court of Alabama

Decided January 13, 1910

Supreme Court of Alabama · decided 1910-01-13

Heard before Hon. D. W. Speake. Assumpsit by Sallie Winter as administratrix against Ignatius Poliak. Judgment for plaintiff and defendant appeals. The general issue is an averment that the allegations of the complaint are untrue and puts in issue all the allegations made in the complaint.- — -Sec 5331, Code 1907; L. & N. v. Trammel, 93 Ala. 352; K. C. M. & B. v. Crocker, 95 Ala, 427; Fields v. Brice, 108 Ala. 642; Amer.

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

““As a general rule the burden of proving a negative averment is not upon the plaintiff, but this rule does not seem to prevail in actions upon an open account, as distinguished from a stated or uncontroverted one; and when suit is brought upon an open account the plaintiff does not overcome the burden by merely showing the rendition of service and. the value of same, but must offer some proof that it was not paid for when rendered or when due.””

quoted by 1 later decision, including Buckner v. Graves

Relies on Lent v. New York & Massachusetts Railway Co. · Great Western Railroad v. Bacon · Rice v. Schloss & Kahn

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Reversed and remanded · Decided 1910-01-13

How this case has been cited

Cited by 37 later decisions — most recently July 1980 · most notably Protective Life Ins. Co. v. Swink (1931), New York Life Ins. Co. v. Beason (1934)

37 state decisions

10019101920193019401950196019701980decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

ANDERSON, J.

¶1As a general rule the burden of proving a negative averment is not upon the plaintiff, but this rule does not seem to prevail in actions upon an open account, as -distinguished from a stated or uncontroverted one; and when suit is brought upon an open account the plaintiff does not overcome the burden by merely showing the rendition of service and the value of same, but must offer some proof that it was not paid for when rendered or when due.—Rice v. Schloss, 90 Ala. 416, 7 South. 802; Cook v. Malone, 128 Ala. 664, 29 South. 653; Enis v. Harris, 103 Ala. 330, 15 South. 834; 16 Encyc. of Pl. & Pr. 174-179; Van Giesen v. Van Giesen, 10 N. Y. 316; Lent v. New York R. R. Co., 130 N. Y. 504, 29 N. E. 988; Great Western Railroad v. Bacon, 30 Ill. 347, 83 Am. Dec. 199. All the authorities seem to agree that’ payment after a breach is new matter, to he specially pleaded and prov*258en by the defendant, and, while they are divided as to whether or not the plaintiff must prove non-payment when due or at maturity, the weight is with the holding of this court, and seems to proceed upon the theory that the plaintiff must prove a breach of the contract sued on, and in order to do this he must show that his debt was not paid when contracted or a,t maturity After the plaintiff shows a breach of contract, and the defendant relies upon payment subsequent to said breach, he must plead and prove payment, which said subsequent payment cannot be shown under the general issue.

¶2The plaintiff in the case at bar, not having shown a breach of the contract sued on, was not entitled to the general charge, which was erroneously given by the trial court, inasmuch as the defendant interposed a plea of the general issue. The judgment of the circuit court is reversed, and the cause is remanded.

¶3Reversed and remanded.

Dowdell, C. J., and Sayre and Evans, JJ., concur.Note by ANDERSON, J. — After this case was put out, it was again carefully considered upon rehearing, the opinion was considered as sound, and the application was overruled. After this one of the concurring judges put it hack on the rehearing docket, and the question was considered en banc; and while Justice Evans withdrew his concurrence, and dissents, the opinion is concurred in by Dowdell, C. J., and McClellan and Sayre, JJ., who, with the writer, constitute a majority of the court. Justice Simpson was absent, and Justice Mayfield did not wish to dissent or concur.
/166/ala/255 · .json · Public domain