Campbell v. Sikes’s Empirical Analysis
169 F.3d 1353 · 1999
Citation profile
22 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 94 later decisions — most recently April 2023 · most notably Farrow v. West (2003), Gobert v. Caldwell (2006)
22 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Estelle v. Gamble · Farmer v. Brennan · Bell v. Wolfish · Wilson v. Seiter · Whitley v. Albers
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 94 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“I charge you that you may “presume that public officials have properly discharged their official duties.” The burden is on the party challenging their conduct to rebut this presumption.... When the ever-present potential for violent confrontation and conflagration at a prison ripens into actual unrest and conflict, the prison’s internal security is a matter normally left to the discretion of prison administrators. [Preserving internal order and discipline are essential goals that may require limitation on the rights of convicted prisoners. Prison officials confronted with a prison disturbance must balance the threat unrest poses to inmates, prison workers, administrators, visitors, and inmates themselves, against the harm inmates may suffer if guards use force. Circumstances frequently necessitate that these decisions are made in haste, under pressure, and without the luxury of a second chance. For these reasons, prison officials are given great deference in the adoption and execution of policies and practices that in their judgment are needed to preserve internal order and discipline and to maintain institutional security.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) the extent of injury; (2) the need for application of force; (3) the relationship between that need and the amount of force used; (4) any efforts made to temper the severity of a forceful response; and (5) the extent of the threat to the safety of staff and inmates, as reasonably perceived by the responsible officials on the basis of facts known to them.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“part and parcel of the core qualified immunity issue which is immediately appealable”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.