17 Cal. 3d 596 - Gregory v. McDonnell Douglas Corp.’s Empirical Analysis
1976
Citation profile
65 federal appellate · 3 district · 250 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 364 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently November 2017 · most notably Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co. (1990), Ollman v. Evans (1984)
65 federal appellate · 3 district · 250 state decisions — followed in 18 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 141 (§ 1 of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 (Taft-Hartley Act))
Relies on New York Times Co. v. Sullivan · Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. · Linn v. United Plant Guard Workers of America, Local 114 · Old Dominion Branch No. 496 v. Austin · Greenbelt Cooperative Publishing Assn., Inc. v. Bresler
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 364 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“audience may anticipate efforts by the parties to persuade others to their positions by use of epithets, fiery rhetoric or hyperbole . . . .”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage“cautiously phrased in terms of apparency”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage“Under the First Amendment there is no such thing as a false idea. However pernicious an opinion may seem, we depend for its correction not on the conscience of judges and juries but on the competition of other ideas. But there is no constitutional value in false statements of fact.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.