¶1The only proof offered on the general issue in this case, was a notarial protest of a demand and refusal of payment on the last day of grace, and an affidavit of the notary before a justice of the peace in St. Louis that he enclosed and mailed said protest, duly certified by him, officially, directed to the maker and indorsers at their several places in St. Louis, Carlyle and Memphis.
¶2We deem it unnecessary to notice the question of diligence against the maker, or rather excuse for not suing him, because of his insolvency and absconding. The law of the place of making and that of indorsing will govern the contract, and fix the liability of the several parties. Holbrook et al. v. Vibbard etal., 2 Scam. 467. This note was made, payable, and indorsed, in Missouri, and, by her laws, a demand of payment and notice of refusal are necessary; and the law of the forum must govern the pleadings and evidence.
¶3To fix the liability of an indorser, it was necessary to demand payment, and give notice of its refusal. Kaskaskia Bridge Co. v. Shannon, 1 Gil. R. 24; 2 Greenleaf's Ev., Secs. 179, 181, 186; Story on Prom. Notes, Secs. 241, 297; Chit. on Bills, side, p. 330; Story on Bills, Secs. 323, 346; 2 Smith's Lead'g Cases, (19 Law Lib. to p. 44, 47.)
¶4In Morgan v. Van Ingen, 2 John. R. 204, it was held, in an action against the notary for failing to give notice, that it was no part of his official duty to do so. Be that as it may, so far as liability for neglect is concerned, yet notice must be given to the endorser, &c., verbally or in writing, and personally, by agents, or by post, and in due time. Story on Bills, Sec. 300.
¶5But as a protest is not required on inland bills and promissory notes—unless by local usage or statute—none need be made nor proved, nor notice of protest given. 2 Greenleaf's Ev., Sec. 185; Story on Promissory Notes, Sec. 297; Nicholls v. Webb, 8 Wheat. R. 326, 331.
¶6A notarial protest is not, therefore, in cases of inland bills and promissory notes, evidence of demand, non-payment, and notice by notary, when given by him. Story on Prom. Notes, Sec. 297; 2 Greenleaf's Ev., Sec. 183 and note 1; Nicholls v. Webb, 8 Wheat. R. 326-331; Kaskaskia Bridge Co. v. Shannon et al., 1 Gil. R. 24; Robinson v. Johnson, 1 Mo. R. 308 (434).
¶7The notarial protest may not have been improperly admitted in proof of the averment of protest made in the declaration; but it should not have been received, and was incompetent to prove the demand of payment, or notice of non-payment.
¶8There being no other evidence of these facts, we are of opinion the evidence does not sustain the finding of the court.
¶9Judgment reversed and cause remanded for new trial.
¶10Judgment reversed.