Fraternal Order of Police Newark Lodge No. 12 v. City of Newark’s Empirical Analysis
170 F.3d 359 · 1999
Citation profile
30 federal appellate · 10 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 75 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2025 · most notably Midrash Sephardi, Inc. v. Town of Surfside (2004), Tenafly Eruv Ass'n v. Borough of Tenafly (2002)
30 federal appellate · 10 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Cantwell v. State of Connecticut · Wisconsin v. Yoder · Sherbert v. Verner · Employment Division Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. L Smith · City of Boerne v. Flores
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 75 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“deciding that secular motivations are more important than religious motivations.”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“made a value judgment that secular (i.e., medical) motivations for wearing a beard are important enough to overcome its general interest in uniformity but that religious motivations are not.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“judging them to be of lesser import than nonreligious reasons,”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.