United States v. Johnson’s Empirical Analysis
171 F.3d 601 · 1999
Citation profile
27 federal appellate · 3 district · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 40 later decisions — most recently October 2024 · most notably United States v. Smith (2004), United States v. Sundby (1999)
27 federal appellate · 3 district · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 3231 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 1291
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · United States v. Leon · Ornelas v. United States · United States v. Cortez · United States v. Sokolow
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 40 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[l]aw enforcement authorities must possess a reasonable suspicion based on articulable facts that a package contains contraband before they may detain the package for investigation,”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“inchoate and unparticularized suspicion or hunch.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“experience with handling packages that match the profile, his assessment of which combinations of profile characteristics are indicative of criminal activity, or whether that assessment is well-founded in light of the inspector's experience.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.