State v. Messenger’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

130 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 130 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “[A] manifest-weight-of-the-evidence standard of review applies to the state's burden of persuasion.”

   6 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. Casey · State v. Brummett

2. “[Similar] to the standard for judging the sufficiency of the state's evidence, if the defendant's evidence and any reasonable inferences about that evidence would allow a rational trier of fact to find all the elements of a self-defense claim when viewed in the light most favorable to the defendant, then the defendant has satisfied the burden.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. Crawford · State v. Holladay

3. “A defendant charged with an offense involving the use of force has the burden of producing legally sufficient evidence that the defendant's use of force was in self-defense.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. Crawford · State v. Holladay