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173 Mass. 554

Bacon v. Hooker

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court · decided 1899-06-30

<p>Mortgage of Personal Property — Agency— Tender — Evidence — Assault— Conversion — Action.</p> <p>In an action for the conversion of personal property, on which the defendant held a mortgage, if the evidence tends to show that A. and several other persons were sent by the defendant to the plaintiff’s house to foreclose the mortgage, and that A. was also instructed to deliver to the plaintiff a notice of the foreclosure, and it also appeard that A. had been seen at work in the defendant’s place of business, though the witness could not tell what kind of work he was doing, the evidence fails to show that A. was an agent of the defendant to whom a tender properly could be made, and evidence offered by the plaintiff for the purpose of proving that a tender was made to A. is rightly excluded.</p> <p>A count for an assault by “ the defendant,” who held a mortgage on personal property in the plaintiff’s house, is not supported by evidence that A., who was sent by the defendant to the house to foreclose the mortgage, assaulted the plaintiff, the defendant not being present, and there being nothing to show that he had commanded or authorized the assault.</p> <p>If a mortgage of a piano is foreclosed and the piano taken away from the .mortgagor’s house by men sent there by the mortgagee for that purpose, evidence that on the day after such foreclosure the mortgagor tendered to the mortgagee a sum sufficient to pay the balance due on the piano and the expenses of the foreclosure, and that he refused the tender and subsequently sold the piano, will sustain an action for the conversion of the piano.</p>

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

““The count for an assault imported a direct assault by the defendants. At the trial it appeared that neither of them was present, and there was nothing tending to shoiv that either of them had commanded or authorized the assault. As the count stood, therefore, the evidence that was offered of an assault by McEvoy was incompetent. * * * ” (Emphasis supplied.)”

quoted by 1 later decision, including Chambers v. Cagle

Relies on Tuthill v. . Morris · Lambert v. Robinson · Schayer v. Commonwealth Loan Co.

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1899-06-30

How this case has been cited

Cited by 7 later decisions — most recently July 1960

7 state decisions

3018991900191019201930194019501960decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

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Morton, J.

¶1The testimony tended to show that McEvoy and three teamsters and a man by the name of Thomas were sent out to the plaintiff’s house to foreclose the mortgage, and that McEvoy was also instructed by one of the defendants to deliver to the plaintiff a notice of the foreclosure. It also appeared that McEvoy had been seen at work in the defendants’ place of business though the witness could not tell what kind of work he was doing. This was the substance of the testimony as to McEvoy’s authority to act in regard to the matter of tender. If the plaintiff relied on the tender to McEvoy, the burden was on her to show that the tender properly could be made to him. The evidence failed to show that he was an agent to whom a tender properly could be made and the testimony offered by the plaintiff for the purpose of proving that a tender was made to him was rightly excluded. Tuthill v. Morris, 81 N. Y. 94. Bingham v. Allport, 1 N. & M. 398.

¶2There was no evidence, from the course of business or otherwise, that he had any authority to receive the money for the defendants, or that he was their agent except for the specific purpose for which he was sent to the plaintiff’s house.

¶3The count for an assault imported a direct assault by the defendants. At the trial it appeared that neither of them was present, and there was nothing tending to show that either of them had commanded or authorized the assault. As the count stood, therefore, the evidence that was offered of an assault by McEvoy was incompetent. If the plaintiff sought to hold the defendants because of an assault committed by McEvoy while *558acting within the scope of his authority as their servant, it should have been so alleged. See McCann v. Tillinghast, 140 Mass. 327; M’Manus v. Crickett, 1 East, 106; Morley v. Gaisford, 2 H. Bl. 442. Whether the assault was justifiable it is not necessary to consider. See Lambert v. Robinson, 162 Mass. 34.

¶4We think that on the remaining count, which was for conversion of the piano, there was error on the part of the court in directing a verdict for the defendants. The count was a general one, and not confined to any particular act of conversion. Under such a declaration there is no rule of law of which we are aware which limits the plaintiff’s proof to one act of conversion. It appeared that on the day after McEvoy went to the plaintiff’s house, her husband went into the defendants’ place of business and tendered on her behalf $60 in payment, but the defendant Hooker said that -he would not take less than $100 in payment of the mortgage. It was after this that the piano was sold by the defendants. It was agreed that, under St. 1888, c. 388, and St. 1892, c. 428, the balance due on August 17,1897, the date of the last payment and the day on which McEvoy and the teamsters and Thomas were sent to the plaintiff’s house to remove the piano, was $11.47, and that the $60 tendered would cover all expenses of foreclosure and the balance due as aforesaid. The effect of the tender was, if not to discharge the lien of the mortgage, at least to render the subsequent sale of the piano by the defendants clearly tortious. Schayer v. Commonwealth Loan Co. 163 Mass. 322. Exceptions sustained.

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