Stone v. People’s Empirical Analysis
1971
Citation profile
6 federal appellate · 1 district · 263 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 270 later decisions — most recently January 2021 · most notably State v. Gopher (1981), People v. Sporleder (1983)
6 federal appellate · 1 district · 263 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Sibron v. State of New York Peters · Morales v. New York · People v. Rivera · Yam Sang Kwai v. Immigration & Naturalization Service
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 270 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In order lawfully to detain an individual for questioning, (1) the officer must have a reasonable suspicion that the individual has committed, or is about to commit, a crime; (2) the purpose of the detention must be reasonable; and (3) the character of the detention must be reasonable when considered in light of the purpose.”
18 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. People v. Cobb · People v. Montoya“[W]hen an officer reasonably suspects that the person has committed a crime or is about to commit a crime and the officer has not identified the person [the officer] legally may stop [the suspect] to question him about his identity.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. People v. Cobb · Hampe v. Tipton“[T]his opinion does not grant free license to law enforcement officers to stop an individual to obtain identification or address.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.