175 F. Supp. 2d 215 - Phoenix v. Reddish’s Empirical Analysis
2001
Citation profile
2 district ·
Relationships
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Anderson v. Creighton · Joshua Deshaney, a Minor, by His Guardian Ad Litem, and Melody Deshaney,s v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services, et al. · Rizzo v. Goode · Wilson v. Layne
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 7 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“While the Second Circuit has held that a police officer has a duty to prevent other officers from using excessive force, there is no Supreme Court or Second Circuit authority that imposes an affirmative duty on a non-police state actor ... to intervene to prevent a police officer from conducting an unlawful search and seizure.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]here is no Supreme Court or Second Circuit authority that imposes an affirmative duty on a non-police state actor ... to intervene to prevent a police officer from conducting an unlawful search and seizure.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“As a general rule, a government official is not liable for failing to prevent another from violating a person's constitutional rights, unless the official is charged with an affirmative duty to act.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.