United States v. Whitehead’s Empirical Analysis
176 F.3d 1030 · 1999
Citation profile
43 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 60 later decisions — most recently April 2022 · most notably United States v. Ervasti (2000), United States v. Bahena (2000)
43 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Brady v. State of Maryland · Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · United States v. Darden · United States v. Stavroulakis · United States v. Duke
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 60 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The phrase “scheme or artifice to defraud” means a deliberate plan of action or course of conduct by which someone intends to deceive or to cheat another or by which someone intends to deprive another of something of value. The government must show that some actual harm or injury was contemplated by the defendant. It is not necessary for the government to prove that anyone lost any money or property as a result of the scheme or plan to defraud.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“While it is true that there is no evidence that [the defendant] said, 'I intend to defraud these banks,' the sheer numbers of checks and amounts of money involved in this scheme during the ten-month period provide a surrogate for [defendant's] knowledge.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“We review the district court's denial of a proposed jury instruction for abuse of discretion, reversing 'only if the district court's alleged erroneous failure to give a particular instruction was prejudicial.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.