Hiler v. Brown’s Empirical Analysis
177 F.3d 542 · 1999
Citation profile
16 federal appellate · 7 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 52 later decisions — most recently March 2026 · most notably Shotz v. City of Plantation (2003), Kristen Elisabeth Baird Nancy Baird v. Susan Elizabeth Rose
16 federal appellate · 7 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Mitchell v. Forsyth · Pilot Life Insurance v. Dedeaux · Tomka v. Seiler Corp. · Miller v. Maxwell's International Inc. · U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. AIC Security Investigations, Ltd.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 52 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(a) Retaliation. No person shall discriminate against any individual because such individual has opposed any act or practice made unlawful by this Act or because such individual made a charge, testified, assisted, or participated in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this Act.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[P]lacing significance on the word `person' ... frustrates the statutory scheme ... [and] misdirects the focus of this suit, as the relevant inquiry is what remedies are available.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“individuals who do not otherwise meet the statutory definition of `employer' cannot be held liable under the Rehabilitation Act's anti-retaliation provision.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.